def paper 1

• What is absolute temperature?

  A temperature value relative to absolute zero
• What is absolute zero?


  The lowest possible temperature of a system
• What is the Avogadro constant?

  The number of particles in one mole of gas
• What does the Boltzmann constant relate to?

  Average kinetic energy of gas particles and temperature
• What does Boyle's Law state?

  Pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to volume
• What is Brownian motion?

  The random motion of particles
• What occurs during a change of phase?

  Change of internal energy without temperature change
• What is the equation of state of an ideal gas?

  An equation linking pressure, volume, moles, and temperature
• What defines a gas?

  Particles are high energy and free to move
• What is internal energy?

  Sum of kinetic and potential energies of particles
• What unit is used for absolute temperature?

  Kelvin
• What characterizes a liquid phase of matter?

  Particles can slide over each other with attraction
• What defines a solid phase of matter?

  Particles vibrate about fixed positions
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy required to raise 1kg by 1 Kelvin
• What is specific latent heat?

  Energy required to change state without temperature change
• What is thermal equilibrium?

  A stable state with no thermal heat transfer
• What is angular velocity?

  Rate of change of angular position
• What is centripetal acceleration?

  Acceleration of an object in circular motion
• What is centripetal force?

  Resultant force for circular motion towards center
• What is frequency?

  Inverse of time period, rotations per unit time
• What is period in circular motion?

  Time taken for one whole rotation
• What is a radian?

  A unit of angle for complete rotation
• What is angular frequency?

  Measure of angular displacement per unit time
• What is critical damping?

  Reduces displacement to equilibrium without oscillation
• What is damping?

  Dissipation of energy from an oscillating system
• What are forced oscillations?

  Repeated oscillations at the frequency of a driver
• What are free oscillations?

  Oscillations not caused by a driver
• What is an isochronous oscillator?

  An oscillator with frequency independent of amplitude
• What is natural frequency?

  Frequency at which a system naturally oscillates
• What is overdamping?

  Damping more than required to stop oscillations
• What is resonance?

  Frequency of oscillations equals natural frequency
• What is simple harmonic motion?

  Acceleration is proportional and opposite to displacement
• What is underdamping?

  Energy gradually removed, amplitude slowly decreases
• What is escape velocity?

  Minimum velocity to escape a gravitational field
• What are field lines?

  Path that a mass takes in a field
• What is a geostationary satellite?

  Satellite that orbits above the equator with 24-hour period
• What is gravitational field strength?

  Force per unit mass on a small test mass
• What is a gravitational field?

  Region where mass experiences an attractive force
• What is gravitational potential energy?

  Energy due to position in a gravitational field
• What is gravitational potential?

  Work done per unit mass from infinity to a point