Malcolm lists positive qualities or virtues, not vices, when he says "Justice, verity, temperance, stableness, bounty, perseverance, mercy, devotion, patience, courage, fortitude." He lists these virtues as a contrast to his earlier claim of possessing vices, as part of his test of Macduff's loyalty. By claiming to possess these virtues, he sets a standard for the kind of ruler he believes Scotland needs, and he gauges Macduff's reaction to determine whether he is sincere in his opposition to Macbeth's tyranny.