Sleep Disorders

• Insomnia


  Condition where you can't get enough sleep that does not have strict diagnostic conditions, but is characterized by dissatisfaction with nightly sleep or change in wakeful behavior
• Onset insomnia


  Difficulty falling asleep
• Maintenance insomnia 


  Difficulty staying asleep
• Iatrogenic insomnia


  When a person becomes dependant on sleep-inducing drugs and experiences a rebound effect worse than the original insomnia when they get off the drugs
• Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)


  Usually due to prions in the thalamus, when a person in completely incapable of falling asleep. Usually fatal within two years that usually kills you from organ failure or sleep deprivation. Strong genetic components but also can happen sporadically
• Sleep apnea


  When a person stops breathing at night and so is woken up in a panic for a few seconds. They usually don't remember it, but it's enough of a disruption to stop them from getting the right amounts of deep sleep, which puts them at risk for a lot of things
• Obstructive sleep apnea


  When soft tissues at the back of the throat collapse, limiting or blocking airflow at night
• Central sleep apnea


  Issues with the brain that makes it lower its involuntary breathing patterns at night, causing sleep apnea
• Continuous positive airway pressure


  CPAP
• CPAP is the only real treatment for sleep apnea, forcing air into the lungs all night long. But it's often more detrimental to sleep than the disease because it's loud bulky and uncomfortable
• Narcolepsy


  When a person gets regular sleep attacks throughout the day. Appears to be caused by orexin producing neurons dying off. Can be helped with some amphetamines or antidepressants
• Cataplexy


  Weakening of muscles when a narcolepsy attack happens, can be dangerous
• Restless leg syndrome


  When a person feels tingling or buzzing in their leg if it's at rest that stops when you move it. Can affect the onset of sleep. Seems to be triggered by iron deficiency or dopamine dysregulation
• Periodic limb movement disorder


  When your limbs move involuntarily at about 30 second intervals during NREM sleep