Judiciary

• Certiorari

  an order issued from the higher court requiring a lower court of a board, or officer exercising judicial functions, to transmit the records of a case to a higher court for purpose of review
• Prohibition

  • An order by which a higher court commands a lower court or a corporation, board, or person, to desist from further proceedings in an action or matter
  • it prohibits the doing or a certain act
• Mandamus

  • an order issued by a higher court commanding a lower court or a corporation, board, or person, to perform a certain act which is its duty
  • it orders a certain act to be done
• Quo warranto


  An action by the government to recover an office or franchise from an individual or corporation usurping or unlawfully holding it
• Incidental review


  Powers necessary for the discharge of judicial function
• Fiscal autonomy


  Ability of the judicial branch to manage its own finances independently of other branches of government
• Stare decisis


  Final rulings may become basis for future laws/ rulings
• Principle of judiciary hierarchy 


  An ordained q

  sequence of recourse to courts vested with concurrent disjunction beginning from the lowest, on to the highest

  determinative of the venue of appeals and is likewise determinative of the proper forum
• Court


  Governmental body officially assembled under authority of law at the appropriate time and place for the administration of justice…

  a board or tribunal which decides a litigation or contest
• En banc

  On the bench; a special procedure where all judges of a particular court hear a case