SP 128: ADHD

• ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

  • patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, which eventually interferes with functioning
• ADHD: Statistics

  • 5% in Children
  • 2.5 in Adults
  • 3-5% in PH
  • Prevalent in males than females (2:1)
  • Females: ADHD-I
• ADHD: Possible cause

  1. No exact identifiable cause
  2. Lead exposure
  3. Nicotine and alcohol consumption
  4. Low Birth Weight
  5. Premature
  6. Interference with CNS Development
• ADHD: Diagnostic Criteria based on DSM 5

  • Children
  • should have at least 6 symptoms for at least 6 months in 2 or more different context before 12 years of age
  • Adults
  • at least 5 symptoms
  • can masked symptoms
• ADHD: Medical Precaution

  • Mental Illness
  • Anxiety
  • Conduct Disorder
  • Oppositional Defiant Disorder
  • Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
  • Intermittent Explosive Disorder
• ADHD: Characteristics

  1. Cognition: Executive Function, Attention, Working Memory
  2. Language: Processing (Auditory), Pragmatics
  3. Speech: Articulation Disorder
  4. Fluency: Stuttering usually for ADHD-H
  5. Voice: Volume and Pitch
• ADHD: Management Approach

  1. Pharmacological
  2. Stimulants and Non Stimulants
  3. Fast Vs Slow acting
  4. Developmental: OT, PT
  5. Behavioral
  6. Educational
  7. Others
• ADHD: Prognosis

  • changes over time
  • H - C
  • children: ADHD-H
  • I as they grow
  • adults: ADHD-I