Unit 1 Geography-Thinking Geographically

• reference maps are used to locate features on the earth's surface
• choropleth map - a map that uses different colors to show the distribution of a particular characteristic
• dot map - a diagram that shows the relationship between two or more concepts or ideas using dots
• graduated symbol is a symbol that represents a constant value that is proportional to the value of the variable
• Isoline map: connects areas of equal value with lines of equal length, usually land.
• cartogram map that shows the distribution of a particular variable on a map, usually a country
• relative location: the position of a place in relation to other places, measured in terms of distance, time, or other factors
• absolute location is the location of a point on the earth's surface relative to other points on the earth
• clusters is a group of people who share a common identity, culture, or interest
• dispersed is spread out or spread over a large area or space; widely separated from one another
• uniforms are evenly distributed throughout.
• topographical maps are used to show the shape of the earth's surface
• projections takes the spherical shape of earth and projects it onto a flat surface
• conformal projection preserve the shape of land, but not the true size
• equal area projection preserve size of land mass, but not the oceans.
• Mercator projections preserve the shape of the earth but distorts the size of the land masses at higher altitudes
• Gall-Petter Projection preserve size but distorts shape, opposite of the Mercator Projection.
• Robinson Projection preserve size and shape of continents but the polar area.
• Goodes projection removes much of the oceans to preserve size and shape of land mass.
• map projection distorts relation shape in shape, area, distance, and direction.
• GIS: geographic information system, a system for storing and manipulating geographical information on computer.
• remote sensing is the use of electromagnetic waves to obtain information about the earth's surface using satellite.
• satellite navigation system (SNS) - a system of satellites that provide a global positioning system (GPS)
• online mapping and visualization: variety of online maps for people to analyze data.
• field observation: a method of gathering data by observing people in their natural environment
• Media reports: using newspaper, television, and online new to gather information
• travel narratives: notes an story about observations made in the field.
• policy documents: government documents that outline the government's position on a particular issue
• personal interviews: a researcher interviews a sample of people to gather information about their opinions, feelings, and experiences
• photographic interpretation: the interpretation of the image is based on the photographer's interpretation of the scene
• geospatial data: data that is spatially referenced, such as location, distance, and direction on Earth
• Place: a unique location that is associated with a particular person, event, or thing.
• Distance Decay: The further apart two objects are, the less interactions they have
• Time-Space compression: reduction of time it takes from two places.
• Patterns: A pattern is a set of elements that are repeated in a design.
• Sustainability: The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• natural resources: Iteams produced in the environment and can be used to make products, renewable and non-renewable.
• land use: the way in which land is used for different purposes, such as agriculture, industry, residential, and recreation, transportation
• environmental determinism: the idea that behavior is determined by the environment and not by the individual
• Environmental possibilism: the idea that the environment can be changed to make it more suitable for human life