role of chromosomes and hormones

• xx= female
• xy= male
• testosterone:

  small amounts in women

  evolutionary development increase levels aggression

  if women had high amounts they would produce male sex organs
• oestrogen:

  determines female sexual characteristics and menstruation

  increase emotionality and irriatbility linked to pms

  pms used as medical defence burgurlarly and murder
• oxytocin:

  stimulates lactation decrease stress hormone cortisol

  facilitates bonding with baby

  men less intimate

  evidence suggest equal production
• +research support role of chromosomes and hormones. david reimer male xy chromosomes raised as girl but showed strong identification male. evidence shows despite environmental influence of toys and clothes, chromosomes are innate and have strong influence on gender identity. van goozen 2005 studied transgender women decrease aggression and visuo spatial skills hormones strong influence . shows bio factors strong influence in sex and gender. cannot generalise unique individuals
• -gender development reductionism ineffective. accounts reduce gender to hormones and chromosomes underplay alternative explanations. eg cog explanation focus on schema and role play in gender identity. eventhough changes thought process can occur due to maturation of brain, not adequately explained by bio approach. psychodynamic explanation identify same sex parent in gender identity. therefore gender identity more compelx than biology as better explained by interaction multiple factors#
• -social factors ignored. hofstede 2010 claims gender roles globally are a consequence of social norms. e.g nations of masculinity and feminity been equated even if cultures are individualistic/ collectivist. countries that place individual competition and independence above needs of community are more masculine which would include capitalist societies. challenges bio explanation of gender behaviour suggests social more important than assumed in shaping gender identity