Midterm 3

• Glycoside


  The molecule formed when one carbohydrate's hemiacetal -OH reacts with an -OH on another anomer
• Glycosidic bond


  Formed when two hydroxyl groups join, one of which is on the anomeric carbon of a monosaccharide in ring form. When one of the hydroxyls is part of a second monosaccharide, a disaccharide is formed
• Maltose


  A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units; obtained from the hydrolysis of starch in germinating grains
• Lactose


  A disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose found in milk and milk products
• Sucrose


  A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; a nonreducing sugar, commonly called table sugar or "sugar"
• Storage polysaccharide


  Polysaccharides that are stored in cells as a glucose energy reserve; examples include starch in plants and glycogen in animals
• Structural polysaccharide


  Polysaccharides whose function is to provide structure for an organism; examples include cellulose, which supports plant structure, and chitin in the exoskeleton of arthopods
• Amylose


  An unbranched α-D-glucose polysaccharide with (1 → 4) glycosidic bonds; a component of starch
• Amylopectin


  An α-D-glucose polysaccharide with α(1 → 4) glycosidic bonds and α(1 → 6) branch points approximately every 25 glucose units; a component of starch
• Glycogen


  An α-d-glucose polysaccharide with (1 → 4) glycosidic bonds and α(1→6) branch points approximately every 12 glucose units; storage polysaccharide found in animals
• Cellulose


  An unbranched β-D-glucose polysaccharide with β(1 → 4) glycosidic bonds, the main component of wood and plants
• Chitin


  An unbranched β-D-acetylglucosamine polysaccharide with β(1 → 4) glycosidic bonds. The main component in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi