Plant cells

• Plant cells have a regular shape
• Organelle in plant cells:

  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosome
  • Chloroplast
  • Vacuole
• Which organelle does plant cells have that animal cells dont?

  chloroplast

  Cell wall

  Vacuole
• Hairs on roots increase surface area so it can absorb water and dissolve minerals more effectively
• The root hair cells do not contain chloroplasts as they’re underground so dont carry out photosynthesis
• • Xylem cells are found in the plants stem, they form long tubes
  • These tubes carry water and dissolve minerals from the roots to the leaves
• xylem cells have very thick walls containing lignin, this provides support for the plant

  The xylem cells die because the cell walls are sealed with lignin
• Xylem cells have no internal structures, which makes it easier for water and minerals to flow
• The end walls of the xylem cells have broken down so the cells form a long tube so water and dissolved minerals can flow easily
• Phloem tubes carry dissolved sugars up and down the plant
• Phloem consists of 2 different types of cells:

  companion cell

  Sieve elements
• The end walls of the phloem vessel cells have pores called sieve plates
• Phloem vessel cells have no nucleus and only limited cytoplasm
• Each phloem vessel call has a companion cell connected by pores
• Mitochondria in the companion cell provide energy to the phloem vessel cells