Sts c1

• Science and Technology and Society is an interdisciplinary course designed to

  examine the ways that science and technology shape, and are shaped by, our society, politics, and culture.
• Science is an evolving body of knowledge that is based on theoretical expositions and experimental and empirical activities that generates universal truths.
• Technology, on the other hand is the application of science and creation of systems, processes and objects designed to help humans in their daily activities.
• Society is the sum total of our interactions as humans, including the interactions that we engage in to understand the nature of things and to create things.
• From Ancient Times to 600 BC, Science during ancient times involved practical arts like healing practices and metal tradition.
• The papyrus is an ancient form of paper, made from the papyrus plant, a reed which grows in the marshy areas around the Nile river.
• The ancient Greeks were the early thinkers and as far as historians can tell, they were the first true scientists.
• Advent of Science, This period produced substantial advances in scientific knowledge, especially in anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics and astronomy
• Plato founded the Academy.
• Aristotle begins the "scientific revolution"
• Islamic age, Scientific inquiry was practiced in other subjects like alchemy and chemistry, botany and agronomy, geography and cartography, ophthalmology, pharmacology, physics and zoology.
• Islamic science was characterized by having practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding.
• the Qibla, which is the direction in which to pray
• Mathematics also flourished during the Islamic Golden Age with the works of Al-Khwarizmi, Avicenna and Jamshid al Kashi that led to advanced in algebra, trigonometry, geometry and Arabic numerals
• Islamic golden age, criticized Aristotle’s view of motion
• Ancient China gave the world the Four Great Inventions that include the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing.
• Science and Technology in Ancient ancient China, scientists and engineers made significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across various scientific disciplines including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy.
• As stated by Karl Marx, "Gunpowder, the compass, and the printing press were the three great inventions which ushered in bourgeois society. Gunpowder blew up the knightly class, the compass discovered the world market and found the colonies, and the printing press was the instrument of Protestantism and the regeneration of science in general;; the most powerful lever for creating the intellectual prerequisites.”
• Gunpowder blew up the knightly class
• the printing press was the instrument of Protestantism and the regeneration of science in general
• Gunpowder, the compass, and the printing press were the three great inventions which ushered in bourgeois society.
• the compass discovered the world market and found the colonies
• Renaissance period, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, anatomy, manufacturing, and engineering.
• Marie Boas Hall coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution
• Peter Dear has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science
• in renaissance, The most important technological advance of all in this period was the development of printing.
• the Renaissance, which was considered by many as the Golden Age of Science
• the renaissance, when scientists shifted from recovery to innovation
• Inventor of printng with movable metal, Johannes gutenberg
• Age of the reason, enlightenment period
• The Enlightenment Period was characterized by radical reorientation in science, which emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith.
• Isaac Newton published his “Principia Mathematica”
• John Locke his “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”
• Principia mathematica and Essay Concerning Human Understanding, two works that provided the scientific, mathematical and philosophical toolkit for the Enlightenment’s major advances
• Block printing on wood came to the West from China between 1250.
• Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840)

  The rise of modern science
• industrial revolution, The technological changes included the following: (1) the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel
• The 20th century was an important century in the history of the sciences.
• The start of the 20th century was strongly marked by Einstein’s formulation of the theory of relativity
• einstein, concept of energy related to mass and the speed of light: E = mc2