PHYSICS

• One of the fundamental passive camponents.

  CAPACITOR
• The ability to store charge

  CAPACITANCE
• It is the Ration of Charge of Voltage

  CAPACITANCE
• Center of the conductor

  DIELECTRIC
• The Illustration of the charging process of INITIALLY UNCHARGED

  
• The Illustration of the charging process of CHARGING.

  
• Illustration of the charging process of FULLY CHARGED

  
• Illustration of the charging process of the SOURCE REMOVE

  
• A capacitor with stored charge can act as a TEMPORARY BATTERY.
• A capacitor stores energy in the form of an ELECTRIC FIELD that is established by the OPPOSITE CHARGES on the Two plates. The energy of a charged capacitor is given by the equation: W= 1/2 CV^2
• The CAPACITANCE of a CAPACITOR depends on 3 physical characteristics.

  C is DIRECTLY proportional to:

  • The RELATIVE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
  • The PLATE AREA

  C is INVERSELY proportional to:

  • The DISTANCE between plates
• Q represents the CHARGED (How much electricity), C represents the CAPACITANCE (How big the basket is), and V represents the VOLTAGE (How strong the electricity is)
• If CHARGE (Q) is missing we use the equation;

  Q = CV
• If the CAPACITANCE is missing, we use the equation;


  C = Q/V
• symbol of microfarads;


  μF
• 1 μF = 0.000001 F
• 1 C = 1,000,000 μC
• Types of Capacitors

  1. Mica
  2. Ceramic Disk
  3. Plastic Film
  4. Electrolytic
  5. Variable
• A type of capacitor, that are small and high voltage.

  MICA
• The WORKING VOLTAGE is the voltage limit that cannot be exceeded.
• A type of capacitor, that are small non polarized capacitors. They have relatively high capacitance due to high epsilon (εᵣ)

  CERAMIC DISK
• A type of capacitor, that are small and nonpolarized. They have relatively high capacitance due to larger plate area.

  PLASTIC FILM
• A type of capacitor, that has very high capacitance but are not as precise as other types and tend to have more leakage current. It is also Polarized

  ELECTROLYTIC
• There are Two types of Electrolytic Capacitor:

  • Al Electrolytic
  • Ta Electrolytic
• A type of capacitor, typically have small capacitance values and are usually adjusted manually.

  VARIABLE
• A solid-state device that is used as a variable capacitor is the VARACTOR DIODE. It is adjusted with an ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
• Small capacitors values are frequently stamped on them such as .001 or .01, wich has units of microfarads.
• Electrolytic Capacitor have larger values, so as read in μF. The unit is usually stamp as μF, but some older ones Kay be shown MF or MMF.
• Objects can be charged by rubbing.
• 2 Types of Charges: Positive and Negative; like Charges REPEL and opposite charges ATTRACT.
• Electric charge is conserved. 


  The arithmetic sum of the total charge cannot change in any interaction.
• Nucleus is small, massive and has a positive charge.
• Electron is Large, low in density, and has negative charge.
• What are the 2 types of charges in an Atom?

  Nucleus and Electron Cloud
• It is neutral overall, but charge is not evenly distributed.

  Polar Molecule

  
• Atom is electrically neutral. Rubbing charge objects by moving electrons from one to the other.
• Charge flows freely.

  CONDUCTOR
• No charge flows.

  Insulator
• Some materials are Semi-conductors.
• Metal objects can be charge by Conduction and Induction.