Adrenaline and thyroxine

• What hormone is released by the adrenal glands?

  Adrenaline
• Where are the adrenal glands located?

  Just above the kidneys
• What does adrenaline prepare the body for?

  'Fight or flight'
• How does adrenaline affect the body's processes?

  It increases the supply of oxygen and glucose
• What does adrenaline bind to in the heart?

  Specific receptors
• What is the effect of adrenaline binding to heart receptors?

  It causes the heart muscle to contract more
• What happens to blood flow when adrenaline is released?

  It increases blood flow to muscles
• How does adrenaline affect respiration?

  It increases respiration rate
• What does adrenaline do to glucose levels in the blood?

  It increases glucose levels
• What is the role of adrenaline in the liver?

  It causes the liver to break down glycogen
• What does increased blood glucose provide to cells?

  More energy for increased activity
• What triggers the release of adrenaline?

  Stressful situations
• What is the function of thyroxine?

  Regulates metabolism
• Where is thyroxine released from?

  The thyroid gland
• What is the importance of thyroxine in the body?

  It plays a crucial role in metabolism
• How does thyroxine affect energy levels?

  It increases energy levels
• What can affect the release of thyroxine?

  Negative feedback mechanisms
• What happens when thyroxine levels are too high?

  It can lead to hyperthyroidism
• What happens when thyroxine levels are too low?

  It can lead to hypothyroidism
• How does the body respond to low thyroxine levels?

  It triggers mechanisms to increase levels
• What is the relationship between adrenaline and thyroxine?

  Both regulate metabolic processes
• How do negative feedback systems work in hormone regulation?

  They maintain hormone levels within a normal range
• What is the overall effect of adrenaline and thyroxine on the body?

  They prepare the body for action
• What happens when hormone levels are below normal?

  It triggers a response to bring levels back
• What hormone regulates metabolism?

  Thyroxine
• Where is thyroxine released from?

  Thyroid gland
• What role does thyroxine play in the body?

  It regulates metabolic rate
• How does a negative feedback system work in hormone regulation?

  It keeps hormone levels within a normal range
• What is the process of negative feedback in hormone regulation?

  • When hormone levels drop, the body responds
  • Hypothalamus stimulates release of TRH
  • TRH stimulates pituitary gland to release TSH
  • TSH stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxine
  • Thyroxine levels rise, restoring balance
• What happens when blood thyroxine levels are low?

  Hypothalamus stimulates TRH release
• What does TRH stimulate in the body?

  Pituitary gland to release TSH
• What does TSH stimulate?

  Thyroid gland to release thyroxine
• What happens when blood thyroxine levels rise?

  Thyroid hormone release is inhibited
• What is the effect of high blood thyroxine levels?

  Inhibition of TRH and TSH release
• What happens when blood thyroxine levels become high?

  Release of TRH is inhibited
• What is the relationship between TRH and TSH?

  TRH stimulates TSH release
• What is the effect of negative feedback on TSH production?

  It reduces TSH production when levels are high
• What condition is described by Graves' disease?

  Immune system produces antibodies affecting TSH
• How does the immune system relate to TSH in Graves' disease?

  It produces antibodies mimicking TSH
• What is the effect of antibodies in Graves' disease?

  They stimulate excessive thyroxine production