Homeostasis- control of blood glucose

• What is homeostasis?

  Control of internal conditions in the body
• Why is homeostasis important for cells?

  Cells need stable conditions to function properly
• What happens if internal conditions vary too much from normal levels?

  It can be dangerous for your health
• What must be maintained for enzyme action?

  The right conditions for enzyme action
• How does the body respond to changes in internal conditions?

  By balancing inputs and outputs
• What is osmoregulation?

  Regulating water content in the body
• Why is thermoregulation important?

  It helps maintain body temperature
• What happens to body temperature when you are hot?

  It needs to be reduced
• What happens to body temperature when the environment is cold?

  It needs to be increased
• What is blood glucose regulation?

  Maintaining glucose levels in the blood
• What must be ensured regarding blood glucose levels?

  They must not get too high or too low
• How do negative feedback systems help maintain homeostasis?

  They counteract changes away from normal levels
• What triggers a negative feedback response?

  A change away from normal levels
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

  It helps lower blood glucose levels
• What happens to glucose after eating foods containing carbohydrates?

  It enters the blood from the intestines
• What does normal metabolism do to glucose in the blood?

  It removes glucose from the blood
• What is the effect of a rise in blood glucose levels?

  It triggers insulin release
• What is the function of glucagon?

  It raises blood glucose levels
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  They balance blood glucose levels
• What is the role of negative feedback in homeostasis?

  It helps maintain stable internal conditions
• What happens when blood glucose levels drop?

  Glucagon is released to raise levels
• What are the key components of blood glucose regulation?

  • Insulin: lowers blood glucose levels
  • Glucagon: raises blood glucose levels
  • Negative feedback: maintains balance
• What are the key components of blood glucose regulation?

  • Insulin: lowers blood glucose levels
  • Glucagon: raises blood glucose levels
  • Negative feedback: maintains balance
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  Insulin regulates blood glucose levels
• How does eating carbohydrates affect blood glucose?

  Carbohydrates convert to glucose in the blood
• What happens to glucose during normal metabolism?

  It is removed from the blood by cells
• What effect does vigorous exercise have on blood glucose?

  It removes more glucose from the blood
• Where is excess glucose stored in the body?

  As glycogen in the liver and muscles
• What happens when glycogen stores are full?

  Excess glucose is stored as fat
• What hormones monitor blood glucose levels?

  Insulin and glucagon
• How does insulin affect glucose in the blood?

  It decreases blood glucose levels
• What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose?

  It increases blood glucose levels
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  They regulate blood glucose levels oppositely
• What happens to glucose when insulin is secreted?

  Glucose moves from blood into liver cells
• What is the consequence of too much glucose in the blood?

  It can lead to diabetes
• What does the graph in the study material illustrate?

  Relative secretion rates of insulin and glucagon
• What is the difference between insulin and glucagon effects?

  Insulin lowers glucose; glucagon raises it
• What are the main functions of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

  • Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels
  • Glucagon: Raises blood glucose levels
  • Both hormones work together to maintain balance
• What are the consequences of high and low blood glucose levels?

  High blood glucose:

  • Can lead to diabetes
  • Causes fatigue and thirst

  
  

  Low blood glucose:

  • Can cause hypoglycemia
  • Leads to weakness and confusion
• How does the body store and utilize excess glucose?

  • Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
  • When glycogen stores are full, it is converted to fat
  • Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells