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• What is the core belief of Revolutionary Socialism?

  Capitalism must be overthrown, not reformed.
• How does Revolutionary Socialism view the state?

  The state is a tool of bourgeois oppression.
• What method does Revolutionary Socialism advocate for achieving its goals?

  Advocates for revolution, often violent.
• In which century was Revolutionary Socialism popular?

  19th century
• Why did Revolutionary Socialism gain popularity during the 19th century?

  Due to exploitation during early industrialization.
• What was a significant outcome of Revolutionary Socialism?

  Led to authoritarian states with centralized economies.
• What characterized the regimes that emerged from Revolutionary Socialism?

  Single-party rule and suppression of opposition.
• What weakened the credibility of Revolutionary Socialism in the late 20th century?

  The fall of communist regimes.
• What is the core belief of Social Democracy?

  Capitalism is adaptable and can be reformed.
• How does Social Democracy pursue change?

  Through gradual change via democratic means.
• What role does the state play in Social Democracy?

  The state regulates the economy and redistributes wealth.
• What type of economy does Social Democracy support?

  A mixed economy with nationalized key industries.
• Who is Eduard Bernstein and what did he argue?

  He argued capitalism was evolving, not collapsing.
• What did Anthony Crosland emphasize in his views on Social Democracy?

  Social justice over public ownership.
• What were some achievements of Social Democracy?

  Helped build the modern welfare state.
• What challenges did Social Democracy face in the 1970s–80s?

  Economic crises and rising neoliberalism.
• What is the core belief of the Third Way (Neo-Revisionism)?

  A modernized socialism combining market economics with social justice.
• When did the Third Way emerge and why?

  In the 1990s in response to social democracy's decline.
• What is a key feature of the Third Way regarding the market?

  Accepts free markets as best for wealth creation.
• How does the Third Way view community and responsibility?

  Emphasizes mutual obligation over class struggle.
• What does the Third Way focus on regarding social inclusion?

  Equal opportunity rather than equality of outcome.
• What is the role of the state in the Third Way?

  To invest in people for self-reliance.
• What is the aim of welfare in the Third Way?

  Helping people into work, not creating dependency.
• What criticism is often directed at the Third Way?

  Accused of abandoning socialist values.
• How is the Third Way viewed in relation to neoliberalism?

  Seen as too close to neoliberalism.
• Compare Revolutionary Socialism, Social Democracy, and the Third Way on human nature.

  • Revolutionary Socialism: Naturally cooperative; shaped by capitalism.
  • Social Democracy: Cooperative, shaped by social conditions.
  • Third Way: Mix of self-interest and cooperation.
• Compare Revolutionary Socialism, Social Democracy, and the Third Way on the role of the state.

  • Revolutionary Socialism: Tool of class oppression; must be overthrown.
  • Social Democracy: Regulator of capitalism; ensures welfare and justice.
  • Third Way: Social investor; promotes education and opportunity.
• Compare Revolutionary Socialism, Social Democracy, and the Third Way on society's structure.

  • Revolutionary Socialism: Defined by class struggle; aim for a classless society.
  • Social Democracy: Characterised by inequality; aim to reduce class divisions.
  • Third Way: Based on consensus, inclusion, and opportunity.
• Compare Revolutionary Socialism, Social Democracy, and the Third Way on economic structure.

  • Revolutionary Socialism: Centrally planned; common ownership; production for need.
  • Social Democracy: Mixed economy; supports regulation and redistribution.
  • Third Way: Free market economy with social goals; minimal intervention.