UK challenges

• • UK is becoming overpopulated
  • 2030: population in UK is expected to exceed 70 million
  • due to natural resources & migration & will further strain ecosystems
• • pressure on ecosystems come from:
  • building on greenfield sites
  • destruction of natural habitats & declining biodiversity
  • pressure on water supply & quality
  • increase food production, intensifying agricultural practices
• • solutions to tackling sustainable transport:
  • increased public transport options
  • Congestion charging & park and ride schemes
  • prompting use of hybrid & electric cars
• • ’two-speed economy' refers to uneven growth of UK economy, with South East developing fastest
  • possible solution to help close gap between South East & the rest of UK is to improve transportation links. For example, HS2
• | green field sites

  • Pros
  • more space
  • cheaper land
  • cons
  • loss of valuable farmland
  • disruption to wildlife habitats
• | brownfield sites

  • pros
  • infrastructure already exists
  • improvement to landscape
  • cons
  • restricted development
  • land may be contaminated
• | stakeholder views on migration

  • Some businesses welcome migrant workers to increase the Workforce
  • Local councils have concerns about providing healthcare & education
  • Some people believe migrants reduce the number of jobs available
  • Note: research has shown that migration has had little or no impact on the average employment and unemployment of UK-born workers
• • management of national parks is divided into
  • habitats
  • biodiversity
  • climate change
  • historical environmental
• | conservation

  • using renewable energy sources
  • using electric bikes to reduce the number of cars on the road
  • extending national parks
  • lake district was expended in 2016
  • views have been mixed due to increased visitors & traffic pollution as rising house prices due to owning second homes near national parks
  • local economy may benefit by tourists which can create more jobs
• • Environment Agency is responsible for the management of the UK’s rivers & coasts
  • managing the UK’s flood risk include:
  • monitoring and early warning systems
  • soft and hard engineering
  • stricter building regulations
  • afforestation
• who is responsible for the management of the UK's rivers and coasts?

  environment agency
• UK’s future climate could see temperature rising between 2°C and 4°C, increase in precipitation & more extreme weather events, although there is uncertainty around these projections
• • Climate change could result in rising sea levels causing coastal flooding
  • this will increase the rate of erosion on coasts, at a cost to the economy
  • temperature increases could cause more frequent heatwaves, leading to longer periods of drought
  • this will affect food production and human health
• | UK responses to climate change

  • Local scale – Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by walking more or using public transport, recycling waste and installing energy efficient devices.
  • National scale – The government can invest in more sustainable practices, such as renewable energy