Urban change

• What is urban change?

  Changes cities undergo as they develop
• What is suburbanisation?

  Movement of people to the urban fringe
• When did suburbanisation begin in developed countries?

  Early 20th century
• What are the causes of suburbanisation?

  1. Urbanisation leads to overcrowding and pollution.
  2. Improved transport networks allow commuting.
  3. Governments clear low-quality housing for new homes.
  4. Relaxed planning laws facilitate building outside city centres.
• What are the consequences of suburbanisation?

  1. Increased surface runoff and flooding risk.
  2. Decline in inner city populations and business closures.
  3. Wealthier people moving to suburbs, leaving poorer residents.
  4. Abandoned buildings in city centres leading to decline.
• When did counter-urbanisation begin in the UK?

  1970s and 80s
• What are the consequences of counter-urbanisation?

  1. Increased business for rural services.
  2. Creation of commuter settlements affecting local shops.
  3. New housing estates impacting wildlife habitats.
  4. Rural infrastructure struggling with traffic increases.
• What is de-industrialisation?

  • Manufacturing moves out of urban areas
  • Can lead to depopulation and economic decline
  • Often results in abandoned industrial sites
• How was New Islington regenerated?

  1. Built in the 1960s, became run-down by the 1990s.
  2. Government and private collaboration improved the area.
  3. 1200 new homes and improved transport links were added.
  4. New community facilities enhanced local living conditions.
• What is the significance of the eco-park in New Islington?

  • Enhances local environment
  • Provides recreational space
  • Supports community engagement