Asexual/ sexual reproduction

• Asexual reproduction


  1. Cells divide by mitosis

  2. No variation in the offspring

  3. Genetically identical offspring known as clones

  4. Genetic information is identical to the parent and to each other
• Groups that use asexual reproduction

  • Small animals
  • Plants
  • Fung
  • Bacteria
  • Cells of body organs
• Mitosis


  A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
• Asexual reproduction


  • Genetically identical offspring known as clones
  • Genetic information is identical to the parent and to each other
• Clones


  Genetically identical offspring produced by asexual reproduction
• Cells of body organs reproduce asexually all the time
• Sexual reproduction


  Involves a male sex cell and a female sex cell from two parents
• Meiosis


  Process of cell division that results in four daughter cells each having half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Fusion of gametes


  Formation of a zygote
• Zygote


  Cell formed by the fusion of gametes that develops into a new individual
• Genetic variation


  Offspring inheriting genetic information from both parents but not being identical to either of them
• Seenal


  Reise on two sex cells from two individuals, meeting and fusing
• Asexual

  • No time needed to find a mate
  • Faster
  • Make clones as desired
• Asexual reproduction does not involve variation
• Fungi go through asexual reproduction
• Fungal spores


  Produced by mutores and they are genetically identical to the parent
• Asexual reproduction in fungi

  1. Fungal spores are produced

  2. Spores are genetically identical to the parent
• Sexual reproduction in fungi

  1. Two hyphae from different fungi join

  2. Nuclei fuse

  3. New fungus has 2 sets of chromosomes

  4. Undergoes meiosis to make haploid spores with 1 chromosome set

  5. Spores are different from original hyphae
• In plants, the flowers contain organs of sexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction in plants

  1. Gametes (pollen and egg cells) are produced by meiosis

  2. Pollen from one flower must reach female parts of another flower during pollination

  3. After pollen fuses with egg cell, seeds are formed

  4. Sexual reproduction introduces variation and enables plants to survive as conditions change through natural selection
• Asexual reproduction in plants

  A new plant grows as a result of mitosis in specialized stems
• Parasites in malaria reproduce differently in different stages of their life cycle
• Malaria parasite reproduction


  1. Reproduces asexually in human liver and blood cells

  2. When mosquito bites, drop in temperature triggers sexual reproduction of some parasites inside red blood cells

  3. Gametes fuse to form zygotes with 2 chromosome sets

  4. Zygotes undergo meiosis to produce new haploid sexual parasites that will infect new humans

  5. Malaria parasites show a lot of variation