Humanities

• Empire


  A large collection of states or nations ruled by a single, ultimate authority, historically most often an emperor or empress
• Superpower


  A country that is immensely prominent and powerful (used especially with reference to the US and the former Soviet Union when these were perceived as the two most powerful nations in the world)
• Power


  The capacity to perform an action or behave in a specific way, notably as a trait or faculty
• Military power


  In a broad sense, the term "military strength" can apply to a nation's armed forces as well as to the ability of a group like a fire team, squad, etc. A military term for a large power
• Nation


  A sizable population living in a given nation or region and connected by shared ancestry, history, culture, or language
• Organisation


  A group of people who are organised for a certain goal, such as a corporation, society, association, etc
• International


  Existent, taking place, or being conducted between two or more nations
• Colonialism


  The process of gaining full or partial governmental control over another nation, populating it with settlers, and then economically exploiting it
• Mediation


  Resolution of a disagreement through intervention; arbitration
• Militarism


  The conviction or desire that a nation should keep a potent military and be ready to use it forcefully to protect or advance its interests at all costs
• Negotiation


  Conversation aiming at coming to a consensus
• Imperialism


  A strategy for expanding a nation's power and influence by military force or diplomacy
• Nationalism


  Affiliation with one's own country and advocacy for its interests, often at the expense or exclusion of those of other countries
• Judicial system


  The judiciary, sometimes referred to as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judicative branch, court, or judiciary system, is a system of courts that decides legal issues and applies, defends, and interprets the law in legal proceedings
• Arbitration


  The process of resolving a disagreement through arbitration
• Alliances


  A partnership or association created for the advantage of both parties, particularly between nations or organisations
• Veto power


  The president's authority to reject a bill or joint resolution and halt its passage into law
• Mongol Empire


  • Lasted from 1206 until 1368
  • Mongolia's nomadic farmers relied on the land to sustain them
  • Genghis Khan united Mongolia's tribes and supported China's peasant economy
  • Embraced trade and religious freedom, and adopted advanced technology
• The British empire lasted from 1815–1914
• Great Britain made its first tentative efforts to establish overseas settlements in the 16th century
• By 1670 there were British American colonies in New England, Virginia, and Maryland and settlements in the Bermudas, Honduras, Antigua, Barbados, and Nova Scotia
• The East India Company began establishing trading posts in India in 1600
• Different perspectives on the British empire

  • Colonisation was good
  • They stole all the goods and etc
• The Kenyan independence movement was a political and social campaign aimed at ending British colonial rule in Kenya and establishing an independent Kenyan nation
• The independence movement gained momentum in the 1950s and 1960s, as Kenya's African population became increasingly disillusioned with the social, economic, and political conditions imposed by colonial rule
• The independence movement was characterised by nonviolent protests, civil disobedience, and advocacy for political rights and social justice
• In 1963 Kenya became an independent nation, with Jomo Kenyatta serving as its first president
• Different perspectives on the Kenyan independence movement

  • Nationalist perspective
  • Colonial perspective
  • Liberal perspective
  • Communist perspective
• The USA became a superpower in 1898
• The 1898 Treaty of Paris ending the war gave Cuba its independence and also ceded important Spanish possessions to the United States-notably Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the small island of Guam
• Different perspectives on the USA as a superpower

  • Superpower as a positive force
  • Superpower as a negative force
  • Declining superpower
  • Superpower as a necessary evil
• The League of Nations was the first intergovernmental organization established "to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security"
• The League of Nations was weakened by the failure of the U.S., which had not ratified the Treaty of Versailles, to join the organisation
• The League of Nations was discredited by its failure to prevent Japanese expansion into China
• The League of Nations was replaced in 1946 by the United Nations
• When analysing markets, a range of assumptions are made about the rationality of economic agents involved in the transactions
• The Wealth of Nations was written

  1776
• Rational


  (in classical economic theory) economic agents are able to consider the outcome of their choices and recognise the net benefits of each one
• Consumers act rationally by


  Maximising their utility
• Producers act rationally by


  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits