Increasing water supply- China

• What is the main issue addressed in the study material?

  Increasing water supply
• What could be a consequence of water insecurity?

  It could be massive, ambitious, and extremely expensive
• What alternative solutions are suggested for water insecurity?

  Go for local and sustainable dams
• What is the planned project by the Chinese government for water transfer?

  A 102 billion project
• How much water will the project transfer annually?

  44.8 billion cubic liters
• What are the two completed routes of the water transfer project?

  The Central and Eastern Routes
• What are the advantages of the water transfer project?

  1. Provides water to cities like Beijing and Tianjin
  2. Allows industry to continue developing
  3. Supplies water for irrigating farmland
• What are some disadvantages of the water transfer project?

  Large areas have been flooded, destroying habitats
• What is a consequence of raising the dam of the Danjiangkou Reservoir?

  It forced 345,000 people to move
• What is the financial situation of many displaced people?

  They received little compensation
• What is the cost of water for consumers in Beijing?

  It is very expensive
• Who benefits from the water transfer project?

  Urban areas and affluent consumers
• What is the impact of water stress in the south?

  It will increase due to diverted water
• How many local people are affected by the water transfer project?

  30 million local people
• What are the key disadvantages of the water transfer project?

  • Flooding large areas, destroying habitats
  • Displacement of millions of people
  • High costs for consumers
  • Limited access for rural areas
• What is the main resource discussed in the material?

  Water
• How will water stress in the south change?

  It will increase due to water diversion
• What is the impact of severe droughts on drinking water in Kenya?

  Insufficient drinking water for 30 million people
• What significant event occurred in China between 2010-2011?

  Significant reduction in wheat yields
• What methods is Kenya using to create a sustainable water supply?

  • Building sand dams
  • Developing water storage systems
  • Utilizing local materials for construction
• What type of climate does Kenya have?

  Hot and dry climate
• When does most rainfall occur in Kenya?

  During a few heavy downpours each year
• How do rivers in Kenya behave during the rainy season?

  They only flow during the rainy season
• What is difficult for rural communities in Kenya regarding water storage?

  Storing water for future use
• What have people in Kenya's Machakos District built to help with water supply?

  Sand dams
• What are the benefits of sand dams in Kenya?

  • Provide year-round water access
  • Capture and store rainwater
  • Require low maintenance
  • Use local materials for construction
• What is the height of the dam that can be raised each year?

  About 1 meter high
• What happens to water when the river stops flowing?

  It can be extracted from the sand
• How is water accessed from the sand in the dams?

  By digging wells and piping water
• What materials are used to build the dams?

  Local materials
• What is a challenge faced by the dams in terms of water quality?

  Sand can fill the dams
• What is the main issue with water during the dry season?

  Water evaporates quickly
• How do sand dams help prevent water evaporation?

  They trap water behind coarse material
• What is the overall impact of sand dams on water availability in Kenya?

  They increase water availability year-round
• What is a common problem with water in the dams?

  It is often full of sand