carbonyl chemistry

• What are esters made from?

  carboxylic acids
• What is the general formula of esters?

  RCOOR
• How do you name an ester?

  First part is the alcohol(longest c chain) and it becomes ly e.g. methyl and second part is acid which becomes oate e.g ethanoate.
• What is the equation to form an ester?

  carboxylic acid+alcohol→ester+water
• What conditions is needed to form an ester?

  A strong acid e.g. H2SO4 (as a catalyst) and heat to be applied
• Draw propylpropanoate


  CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3

  
• What is hydrolysis in acidic conditions?

  It's a reversible reaction where carboxylic acid and alcohol is produced but is very slow so never used.
• What is the general equation for acid hydrolysis?

  ester+water→carboxylic acid+alcohol
• What is the general equation for hydrolysis in alkaline conditions?

  ester+alkali(usually NaOH)→salt(sodium + oate)+ alcohol
• What is the IUPAC name of glycerol?

  propane-1,2,3-triol

  
• what is esterification?


  when carboxylic acids react with alcohol to form esters.
• What is hydrolysis?


  reverse reaction which converts esters and water back into carboxylic acids and alcohol-can be done in acidic or alkaline conditions.
• carboxylic acids react with metal to form...


  metal salts and hydrogen
• carboxylic acid reacts with metal oxides to form...


  metal salts and water
• carboxylic acid reacts with hydroxides to form...


  metal salts and water
• carboxylic acid reacts with metal carbonates to form..


  metal salts,water and carbon dioxide
• what happens when cooh act as an acid

  hydrogen removed and ion formed-coo , o- and a H+ ion
• naming for carboxylate ions


  long chain with 'oate' ending.
• drawing carboylate ions

  skeletal-branches with double bond and o- .at the end there the rest of the chain in strcutural e.g. butanoate -c3h7 then rest of skeletal.
• carboxylates are formed when


  COOH reacts with metal oxides,hydroxides,metals and metal carbonates.
• formula of magnesium ethanoate


  (CH3COO)2 Mg
• carboxylic acids are only weak acids in water and slightly dissociate