coastal management

• why does holdreness coast need managing

  • rapid erosion rate in which the annaal rate is around 2 meters. this is around 2 million tonnes of material every year
  • the strong winds and destructive waves are also why its eroding so quickly
  • 3 miles has been lost since roman times
• what issues does holderness coast face

  • erosion has caused: land loss, property damage, impacts on settlements and the environemnt
  • the gas terminal at easington which supplies 25% of gas it at risk
  • coastal maangement stratagies can have consequences such as increased erosion
  • conflicts can arise over locations of sea defences
• how is holdernes coast managed

  • mix of soft and hard engineering
  • hard: sea walls, groynes, rock armour
  • soft: becah nourishment, cliff drainage
• why is hornsea being managed

  • hornsea mere is yorkshires largest natural lake and is an important recreational site
  • a special wildlife interest and is designated a european special protection area
  • high population density of 8,327
  • wide range of infrastructure already in place in town
• how is hornsea being managed

  • hard defences in the form of a concrete sea wall, timber groynes and an ongoing refurbishment programme
  • a stone + steel gabion and steel revetment have been erected to the sothern end of hornsea, protecting longbeach leisure park
  • rock armour has extended the coastla defences
• impact of hornseas management

  • where the defences end to the south of hornsea erosion rates have rapidly increased - env
  • the downdrift beach is starved of material, trapped behind groynes, therefore unprotected soft boulder clay is eroding -env
  • cliff slumping - env
  • sea defences negativly impact tourism and reduce the amount of money coming into the are - eco
  • some people disagree with where the defences are loacted especialy if it means land in their community is unproteted -soc
• why is flamborough head being managed

  • rapid erosion is happening where cliffs are retreating about 2 meters a year
  • erosion is occuri g so fast due to soft clay cliffs and destructive waves
  • the sea attacks the coast around the headland in 2 ways: waves hit the vertical cliffs and at high waterline weak ponts in the chalk is worn away by waves
• how is flamborough being managed

  • coastal defences inclueding groynes, sea waters and breakwaters
  • habiatat management: grazing + mechanical intervention
  • licensing + permits for activities such as fishing
  • 5 year managemnt plan
  • protected under the europeans habiatats directive
  • beach renourishment + dune restorration
• impacts of flambroughs managemnt

  • can disrupt sediment transportation impacting the coastline- env
  • can impact tourism + recretional activities - soc + eco
  • can be expensive - eco
  • negative impacts on coastal mangemnt
• why is spurn point being managed

  • landform is constantly being reshaped by erosion+ deposition because its spit formed
  • seas powerful waves bfreak down the spits structure
  • high tides and tidal surges can wash away large amounts of land + sediment
  • longshore drift
• how is spurn point being managed

  • two rock groyenes were built to trap sediement preventing erosion
  • rock armour was placed at the base of cliffs to absorb wave energy + reduce erosion
  • sand was pumped or transported to replace losses due to longshore drift further building the beach
• what is the imapact of spurn points managemnt

  • soc- groenes and sea walls prevent erosion and flooding
  • env- rate of erosion slowed
  • eco- expensive to build
  • env- increased erosion in other areas
  • soc- groynes and seawalls alter th natural eppearnce of the coastline
• why is coastal managemnt needed

  • reduce risks of coastal flooding
  • to control erosion
• what is hard engineering

  Hard engineering at the coast involves using artificial structures to manage coastal processes and protect against erosion or flooding

  • often exepnsive
  • lifespan up to 100 years
  • aim to control/reduce natural processes
  • alter processes
• what is soft engineering

  Soft engineering in coastal management uses natural processes and materials to protect coastlines, rather than artificial structures.

  • sustaiananle approach
  • work with natural processes not against