PR1

• Research follows a step-by-step process of investigation that uses standardized approach to answer questions or solving problems (Polit & Beck, 2004).
• Research plays an important role in tertiary education.  (Palispis, 2004).
• Research is a continuous undertaking of making known the unknown (Sachez, 2002).
• . Research is an investigation following ordered steps leading to a discovery of new information or concepts (Sanchez, 1999).
• Research is a very careful investigation of something that purports the contribution of additional or new knowledge and wisdom (Basseyy, as cited by Coleman & Briggs, 2002).
• Research is a tested approach of thinking and employing validated instruments and steps in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means (Crawford, as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995).
• Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology in any field or discipline.
• Research is undertaken for the continuous development and further productivity in any field.
• Research helps develop tools for assessing effectiveness of any practice and operation such as psychological tests, intelligence quotient tests, psychological assessments, among others.
• Research provides solutions to problems concerning at most all issues encountered in the different areas of work.
• Research impacts decision-making.

   
• Research develops and evaluates alternative approaches to the educational aspects of any discipline.
• Research aims to advance the personal and professional qualifications of a practitioner
• QUANTITATIVE

  -Research approach that involves analysis of numerical data and their relationship.
• QUALITATIVE

  -Understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior
• Empirical research


  Based on direct experience or observation by the researcher
• Logical research


  Based on valid procedures and principles
• Cyclical research


  A process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem
• Analytical research


  Utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study
• Critical research


  Exhibits careful and precise judgment
• Methodical research


  Conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures
• • Replicability design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
• •  Intellectual Curiosity A researcher undertakes a deep thinking and inquiry of the things and situations around him.
• • Prudence The researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and at the right place wisely, efficiently, and economically.
• • Healthy Criticism The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
• • Intellectual Honesty An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to arrive at honest results.
• • Intellectual Creativity A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new researches
• Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or wrong, proper or improper, good or bad. According to a dictionary definition (Webster‘s 1968), to be ethical is to conform to accepted professional practice
• Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data
• Objectivity:

  Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
• Integrity:

  Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.
• Carefulness:

  Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities.
• Openness:

  Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas
• Respect for Intellectual Property:

  Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize
• Confidentiality:

  Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records
• Responsible Publication:

  Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
• Responsible Mentoring:

  Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to

   
• Social Responsibility:

  Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.
• Non-Discrimination Avoid discrimination against colleagues or studentsonthe basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity

• Competence


  Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole