cloning

• plants can be cloned by tissue culture and from cuttings
• tissue culture is where a few plant cells are put in a growth medium with hormones, and they grow into new plants
• tissue plants can be made very quickly and be grown all year
• gardeners can take cuttings from good parent plants and then plant them to produce genetically identical copies of the parent plant
• farmers can produce cloned offspring from their best bull and cow using embryo transplants
• adult cell cloning involves taking an unfertilised egg cell and removing its nucleus. the nucleus is then removed from an adult body cell and inserted into the egg cell. the egg cell is then stimulated by an electric shock, this makes it divide like a normal embryo. when the embryo is a ball of cells, it is implanted into the womb of an adult female, and grows into a genetically identical copy of the original adult body cell.
• the first successful animal clone was Dolly the sheep