Exam 3

• what is dumping syndrome?

  when food moves from the stomach to the small bowel too quickly and causes nausea, cramping, diarrhea, and diaphoresis
• can you do to facilitate an ng tube insertion?

  allow the patient to sip water as the tube is being inserted
• what is used to unclog an ng tube?

  air insufflation, digestive enzymes with warm water, or a commercial enzyme product
• what is nystantin?


  an oral antifugal
• what is metaclopramide and what side effect should be monitored?

  medication that accelerates gastric emptying

  uncontrolled movements in face or limbs
• what is parotitis?


  inflammation in parotid glands
• what bacteria is most times the cause of parotitis?

  Staphylococcus aureus
• what is a hernia?

  a protrusion of the upper stomach into the lower portion of the thorax
• what typically describes oral cancer?

  a lesion that is painless with hardened raised edges that does not heal
• what is the most common sign of colon cancer?

  change in bowel habits
• what is peritonitis?


  inflammation of the lining of the abdominal wall covering abdominal organs
• what are the clinical signs of peritonitis?

  abdominal rigidity, tenderness, fever, loss of bowel sounds and tachycardia
• what is borborygmus?


  Stomach rumbling
• what is the most common cause of small bowel obstructions?

  adhesions (scar tissue that forms as a result of inflammation and infection)
• what medication is giving for viral anorectal infections?

  acyclovir
• what acid base imbalance is the result of vomitting?

  Metabolic alkalosis
• if a patient is unable to make bowel movements and has a distended abdomen with abdominal cramping what complication can occur?

  bowel perforation
• what does internal hemorrhoids cause?

  Rectal bleeding
• what acid base imbalance does diarrhea cause?

  Metabolic acidosis
• what prevents the risk of gastric ulcers following bariatric surgery?

  avoid taking NSAIDS
• what is contraindicated following bariatric surgery?

  inserting an NG tube
• what bariatric procedures cause dysphagia?

  RYGB, modified RYGB, gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy
• what are the post op instructions for a patient following an RYGB?

  no fluids with meals, withhold fluids for 15 minutes before and 90 minutes after meals
• how do you calculate BMI?

  weight in lbs x height in inches^2 * 703
• what diabetes medication also promotes weight loss?

  metformin
• what is satiety?


  Feeling of fullness
• what is the order of steps for the role of leptin as it relates to hunger and satiety?

  increased fat stores

  increased leptin

  increased satiety

  inhibition of food intake
• what is leptin?


  a hormone that helps your body maintain a normal weight
• what patient teaching should be give given after a patient of childbearing age has bariatric surgery?

  avoid pregnancy for at least 18 months after surgery
• what does orlistat do?

  it binds with enzymes to help prevent digestion of fat
• what could cause a patient to experience obesity if they have cushing syndrome?

  the endocrine disorder
• what does vagal blocking therapy make a patient lose weight?

  it decreases stomach emptying, pancreatic enzyme secretion, stomach contractions and absorption of calories
• what are the manifestations of a perforation of a peptic ulcer?

  vomiting, severe abdominal pain, right shoulder pain due to irritation of phrenic nerve in diaphragm, board like abdomen, hypotension and tachycardia
• what is a peptic ulcer?


  A sore or erosion in the lining of the stomach or small intestine.
• what causes acute gastritis?


  ingestion of strong acids, irritating foods, overusing aspirin or NSAIDS, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, bile reflux, and radiation therapy
• what is the enteral intake goal for a patient following gastric surgery?

  six small meals daily with 120ml of fluid between meals
• what is the difference between a gastric and duodenal ulcer?

  a duodenal ulcer is characterized by hypersecretion of stomach acid. a gastric ulcer is characterized by hyposecretion of stomach acid
• how can you determine whether a person has a gastric or duodenal ulcer?

  by the amount of hydrochloride acid secretion in the stomach
• what patient teaching should be given for a patient taking sucralfate?

  take the medication at least 2 hours before or after any other medications
• peptic ulcers occur most frequently in patients with which blood type?

  Type O