Cardiovascular System

• Cardiovascular System


  Transports oxygen, CO2, antibodies, nutrients, waste, heat, hormones
• Blood Vessels


  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• Arteries


  • Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
  • Rely on blood pressure to keep blood flowing so they do not have valves but they do have thicker muscular walls to withstand the high pressure of blood rushing
  • Provide a detectable pulse
• Veins


  • Carry deoxygenated blood TOWARD the heart
  • Valves ensure blood flows in the right direction
  • Do not give off a Pulse
  • Closer to the surface of the Skin
• Capillaries


  • Smallest and most numerous blood vessels
  • Provide the connection between arteries and veins
  • Exchange materials between blood and tissue cells
• Blood Components


  • Plasma
  • Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
  • White Blood Cells (WBCs)
  • Platelets
• Plasma


  Liquid component of blood, made up of water, salts, and proteins, transports blood cells (and other products) throughout the body
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

  • Erythrocytes - carry oxygen from the lungs and return CO2 to the lungs
  • Contain hemoglobin (red pigment in RBCs) which allows cells to transport oxygen
  • Small flexible biconcave discs
• White Blood Cells (WBCs)

  • Leukocytes - protect the body from bacterial and viral infections
• Platelets


  • Thrombocytes - fragments of cells that help the blood clotting process by gathering at the site of injury
• Heart


  Hollow organ that pumps blood throughout the body
• Pericardium


  • Protective membrane enclosing the heart
  • Provides lubrication to reduce friction between the heart and surrounding structure
• Epicardium


  Outermost protective layer
• Endocardium


  Thin, innermost layer
• Myocardium


  • Middle layer
  • Made of Cardiac muscle
  • Uneven because some parts need more muscle to perform their duties
• Atria


  • Upper chambers
  • Receives blood that is coming in
• Ventricles


  • Lower chambers
  • Pump blood out
• Atrioventricular Valves


  • Between atria and ventricles
  • Keep blood from going back into the atria
  • Bicuspid (mitral valve)
  • Tricuspid valve
• Semilunar Valves


  • Between ventricles and major arteries
  • Keep blood from going back into the ventricles
  • Aortic Valve
  • Pulmonary Valve
• Major Blood Vessels


  • Carry blood to and from the heart
  • Split into smaller vessels in order to transport blood throughout the body
• Oxygenated Blood


  • Blood that is carrying oxygen
  • Traveling away From the heart to deliver oxygen
• Deoxygenated Blood


  • Blood that is carrying CO2
  • Traveling From the body to the heart/lungs
• Blood Flow through the Heart

  1. Deoxygenated blood travels from the body through the RIGHT side of the heart

  2. Deoxygenated blood enters the lungs, exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen

  3. Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs through the LEFT side of the heart
• Structures blood flows through

  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Right Atrium
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Right ventricle
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Left Atrium
  • Bicuspid Value
  • Left Ventricle
  • Aortic Valve
  • Aorta
• Pulmonary Artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood
• Pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood
• Blood flow through the heart

  • Oxygenated from left ventricle through aortic valve to aorta to deliver oxygen to body
  • Oxygenated from left atrium through bicuspid valve to left ventricle
  • Oxygenated from pulmonary veins to left atrium
  • Deoxygenated from superior and inferior vena cava to right atrium
  • Deoxygenated from right atrium through tricuspid valve to right ventricle
  • Deoxygenated from right ventricle through pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery to lungs
  • Oxygenated from left atrium through bicuspid valve to left ventricle
  • Deoxygenated from right atrium through tricuspid valve to right ventricle
  • Oxygenated from lungs through pulmonary veins to left atrium
  • Deoxygenated from right ventricle through pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery
  • Oxygenated from left atrium through aortic valve to aorta
  • Deoxygenated from superior vena cava and inferior vena cava to right atrium