wax phos terpenoids

• Waxes


  Chemically, waxes are mixtures of long chain alkanes (with odd number of carbons ranging from C25 to C35), and alcohols, ketones and esters of long chain fatty acids
• Waxes


  • They are widespread as protective coatings on fruits and leaves
  • Some insects also secrete wax
  • They protect plants from water loss and abrasive damage
  • They also provide water barrier for insects, birds and animals such as sheep
• Phospholipids


  They are widespread in bacteria, animal and plant cells and are frequently associated with membranes
• Phospholipids


  • Phospholipids are derivatives of phosphatidic acid, which are composed of glycerol, fatty acids and phosphoric acid
  • Nitrogenous bases such as choline, ethanolamine and serine are important components of phospholipids
• Phospholipids


  • Phosphatidylcholine is one of the common phospholipids
• Phosphatidic acid is composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids (on C1 and C2), and a phosphoric acid on C3 of glycerol
• In phospholipids a nitrogenous base (e.g. choline) is attached to phosphoric acid in phosphatidic acid
• Terpenoids


  • Terpenoids are a very large and important group of compounds, which are made up of a simple repeating unit, the isoprenoid unit
  • This unit, by condensation, in different ways give rise to compounds such as rubber, carotenoids, steroids, terpenes etc.
• Isoprenoid unit


  2 methyl-1,3-butadiene