Exam 2 Top 40 Drugs

• adalimumab (humira)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker
  • general category: immunotherapy
  • common use: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
  • precautions/warnings/black box: serious infection, cancer
• dexamethasone (decadron)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic category: corticosteroid
  • general category: immunotherapy
  • common use(s): inflammation
  • precautions/warnings/black box: infections
• epoetin alfa (epogen, procrit)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic category: erythropoiesis stimulating agent
  • general category: hematology
  • common use(s): anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease
  • precautions/warnings/black box: serious and life-threatening side effects and/or death when raising hemoglobin target of 12 g/dL or higher
• famotidine (pepcid)

  • route: oral, parenteral
  • pharmacologic category: histamine 2 receptor antagonist
  • general category: gastrointestinal
  • common use(s): duodenal ulcer
  • precautions/warnings/black box: CNS (confusion, delirium, hallucinations, disorientation) in elderly
  • dosage: 20 mg BID or 40 mg daily
• fosphenytoin (cerebyx)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): epilepsy
  • precautions/warnings/black box: severe hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia w/ rapid IV administration
• haloperidol (haldol)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic category: antipsychotic
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): schizophrenia
  • precautions/warnings/black box: increased mortality in elderly w/ dementia-related psychosis
  • dosage: 2 - 5 mg IM
• hydrocortisone (solu-cortef)

  • route: parenteral, oral, topical
  • pharmacologic category: corticosteroid
  • general category: immunotherapy
  • common use(s): inflammation, rash
  • precautions/warnings/black box: infections
• infliximab (remicade)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker
  • general category: immunotherapy
  • common use(s): rheumatoid arthritis, crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
  • precautions/warnings/box warnings: serious infections, cancer
• iron dextran (infed, venofer (ferrous sucrose))

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: essential mineral
  • general category: hematology
  • common use(s): anemia, dietary supplement
• lactulose (enulose, generlac)

  • pharmacologic class: laxative - osmotic
  • general category: gastrointestinal
  • common use(s): prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (complication of liver)
  • precautions/warnings/black box warnings: avoid galactosemia
• lorazepam (ativan)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: benzodiazepine
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): anxiety
  • high alert drug ***
• methocarbamol (robaxin)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: muscle relaxant
  • general category: musculo-skeletal
  • common use(s): musculoskeletal
• methotrexate (trexall, rheumatrex)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antimetabolite
  • general category: immunotherapy
  • common use(s): rheumatoid arthritis, crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, cancer
• methylprednisolone (solu-medrol)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: corticosteroid
  • general category: immunotherapy
  • common use(s): inflammation
  • precautions/warnings/black box warnings: fungal infections, live vaccination
• metoclopramide (reglan)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: dopamine 2 receptor antagonist
  • general category: gastrointestinal
  • common use(s): N/V, gastroparesis
  • precautions/warnings/black box: tardive dyskinesia
• midazolam (versed)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: benzodiazepine
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): sedation
  • high alert drug ***
• ondansetron (zofran)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
  • general category: gastrointestinal
  • common use(s): N/V
  • precautions/warnings/black box: markedly prolonged QT interval leading to torsades de pointes; hypersensitivity to 5-HT3 receptor antagonist or any component of the formulation
• pantoprazole (protonix)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: proton pump inhibitor
  • general category: gastrointestinal
  • common use(s): heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease
  • precautions/warnings/black box: C. diff infections, bone fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency w/ prolonged use
  • dosage: 40 mg IV/PO daily
• phenytoin sodium (dilantin)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: hydantoin
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): epilepsy
  • precautions/warnings/black box: severe hypertension, cardiac arrythmia w/ rapid IV administration
• prochlorperazine (compazine)

  • route: parenteral, oral, rectal
  • pharmacologic class: phenothiazines
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): N/V; schizophrenia
• propofol (diprivan)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: sedative - hypnotic
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): sedation
  • high alert drug ***
• sumatriptan (imitrex)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: selective serotonin receptor agonist
  • general category: neuropsychiatry
  • common use(s): migraine
  • precautions/warnings/black box: ischemic heart disease or uncontrolled hypertension; pregnancy, peripheral vascular disease, MAO-I inhibitors w/in 2 wks
  • dosage: 6 - 12 mg SQ injection
• amphotericin B (ambisome)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: antifungal
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): fungal infection - systemic
  • precautions/warnings/black box: should NOT exceed daily dose of greater than 1.5 mg/kg (fatal cardiac or cardiopulmonary)
  • dosage: [CNS fungal infections]
  • 0.25 - 0.3 mg/kg IV daily w/ doses INCREASED by 5 - 10 mg/day to reach a full dose of 0.5 - 0.7 mg/kg/dose IV once
• ampicillin/sulbactam (unasyn)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- penicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
• azithromycin (zithromax)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- macrolide
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • dosage: 250 - 500 mg IV/PO daily x 7 - 10 days
• cefazolin (ancef)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- cephalosporin
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: allergy to beta-lactams
  • dosage: 1 - 1.5 IV q 6 - 12 h (depending on infection)
• cefepime (maxipime)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- cephalosporin
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: allergy to beta-lactams
• ceftriaxone (rocephin)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- cephalosporin
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: allergy to beta-lactams
  • dosage: 1 - 2 g IV daily or BID (max: 4 g/day)
• ciprofloxacin (cipro)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- quinolone
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: tendinitis and tendon rupture, myasthenia gravis
• clindamycin (cleocin)

  • route: parenteral, oral, topical
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: C. diff infections
• ertapenem (invanz)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: carbapenem
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: seizures (in pts w/ CNS disorders)
  • dosage: 1 g IV daily 3 - 14 days (IM max: 7 days)
• fluconazole (diflucan)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antifungal
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): candidiasis
  • precautions/warnings/black box: CYP 450 metabolized drugs, QT prolongation
  • dosage: 150 mg IV/PO daily
  • loading dose 200 - 800 mg daily
• gentamicin (garamycin)

  • route: parenteral, topical
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic - aminoglycoside
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
• levofloxacin (levaquin)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- quinolone
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, any component or formulation, or other quinolones; tendinitis and tendon rupture; myasthenia gravis
• linezolid (zyvox)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- oxazolidinone
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: serotonin syndrome when co-administration w/ SSRI, SNRI, bupropion, triptans, opioids
• meropenem (merrem)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: carbapenem
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: co-admin w/ valproic acid or divalproex increase risk of breakthrough seizures
• metronidazole (flagyl)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- nitroimidazole
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
• piperacillin/tazobactam (zosyn)

  • route: parenteral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- penicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • precautions/warnings/black box: allergies to penicillins
  • dosage: 3.375 g q 6 h OR 4.5 h q 6 - 8 h
• trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic -- sulfonamide + folic acid inhibitor
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
• vancomycin (vancocin)

  • route: parenteral, oral
  • pharmacologic class: antibiotic
  • general category: anti-infective
  • common use(s): bacterial infection
  • dosage: [IV] 500 mg q 6 h OR 1000 mg q 12 h