Nutrition Midterm

• All of the following are essential components of food security except:  Stability   Policy   Access   Availability   Utilization 

  Policy
• Which of the following is the #1 cause of hunger around the world?  Not enough food produced   Over-population   Poverty   Unequal distribution of food   Conventional farming methods 

  Poverty
• Which of the following nutrients is the most energy-rich (most kcals/gram)?  Vitamins   Fat   Carbohydrates   Protein   Alcohol 

  Fat
• What is the primary (preferred by the body) function of the protein we obtain in our diets?  To build our immune system   To build body tissues (muscle, organs, skin, etc.)   To decrease blood cholesterol levels   To supply energy   For energy storage 

  To build body tissues (muscle, organs, skin, etc.) 
• The Mifflin-St. Jeor equation (the equation we used in My Nutrition Assessment) calculates a person’s estimated energy needs using all of the following information about the person except:  Age   Sex   Height and weight   Ethnicity   Activity level 

  Ethnicity
• In which organ of the digestive system are most nutrients absorbed?  Pancreas   Stomach   Esophagus   Small intestine   Large intestine 

  Small intestine
• According to the video "Millions of Children Face Starvation in Yemen," which of the following is not one of the factors contributing to the famine in Yemen?  Limited government resources to provide medical care   Long-lasting civil war   Overwhelming poverty   Little to no involvement from outside aid organizations   Covid-19 


  Overwhelming poverty
• From the Minnesota semi-starvation study, scientists learned that:            Starvation has little or no effect on the subject’s mental state (mood).   Additional vitamins, minerals, and protein are essential for rehabilitation.   To rebuild body tissues, additional calories are more important than protein.   Cold weather increases appetite in starving humans.   Starvation has little or no effect on the subject’s social skills and relationships. 

  To rebuild body tissues, additional calories are more important than protein.
• What is the most widespread (prevalent) category of malnutrition?  Anemia   Vitamin/mineral (micronutrient) deficiences   Secondary malnutrition   Overnutrition   Undernutrition 

  Vitamin/mineral (micronutrient) deficiences
• Which of the following is not true about anemia?  Anemia increases the number of red blood cells   Anemia is common in pregnant women around the world   Both iron deficiency and malaria cause anemia   Anemia increases the risk of miscarriage   Infants of anemic mothers are at risk for poorer health and development

   Anemia increases the number of red blood cells 
• Match each micronutrient with its primary symptom(s) of deficiency:Vitamin A                Blindness/night blindness, anemia             Calcium                Poor blood clotting             Iodine                Goiter, severe cognitive and/or developmental disability             Iron                Anemia             Vitamin D

  Vitamin A: Blindness

  Calcium: Weak bones

  Iodine: Goiter

  Iron: Anemia

  Vitamin D: Weak bones or blood clotting?
• Place the steps of the scientific method in their correct order

  .1                Identify the Problem and form a Research Question             2                Formulate a Hypothesis             3                Design a Study to test Hypothesis             4                Gather Data and Analyze Results             5                Formulate Conclusions based on Results             6                Other scientists Verify with independent research             7                Integrate results into a Theoretical Model             
• A key distinguishing factor between experimental and non-experimental research is:  

  In experimental research, the investigator is directly manipulating a variable to observe the resulting outcomes; in non-experimental research, relationships are only observed and described.
• A graduate student recruits 100 students and breaks them into four groups, giving each group a daily supplement containing either: a placebo, 1000mg Vitamin C, 2000mg Vitamin C, or 5000mg Vitamin C.  He then exposes all participants to the rhinovirus (common cold virus) and counts how many students in each group get sick.

  Which of the following terms best describes this type of study?

    Secondary   Experimental   Observational   Basic   Correlational 

   Experimental
• According to the reading on "Clean Water in Developing Countries," which of the following is/are downsides to boiling water

  • Boiled water is safe from microbial contamination but not organic compounds or heavy metals.   
  • Boiling requires a lot of biomass that may be in short supply.  
  • Fire used to boil water produces toxic gases and fumes that can negatively impact health.   
  • Boiled water takes too long to cool + once cool is no longer considered 'clean.'   
  • Many households with inadequate water supply lack a large pot or other cooking vessel to use for the boiling process.

  1,2,3
• According to the video watched in lecture, which of the following is no longer believed to be a primary cause of Mayans’ short stature?  Genetic factors   Lack of access to adequate food for proper nourishment   Lack of education about importance of early childhood nutrition   Cultural resistance to eating a variety of foods   The Guatemalan agricultural paradox

  Genetic factors
• Which of the following statements is not correct about drug resistance?  Drug-resistant bacteria are non-pathogenic.   The usual antibiotics used to treat infections do not kill many drug-resistant bacteria.   There are multidrug-resistant strains of the bacteria that cause TB.   Drug resistance is caused in part by misuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock.   Drug resistance is a serious public health problem. 

  Drug-resistant bacteria are non-pathogenic.
• What is the most lethal danger associated with diarrhea, especially in infants and young children?  Exposure to pathogenic bacteria in their feces   Loss of calories   Loss of "good" bacteria in the intestine   Decreased immunity   Dehydration 

  Dehydration 
• Common ways of transmitting some of the infectious diseases discussed in class include all of the following except:  Long-term lifestyle factors leading to eventual development of disease   Consuming contaminated food or water   Sexual intercourse with an infected person   Poor handwashing after exposure to animals, sick people, or fecal matter   Breathing the same air as an infected person who is coughing or sneezing 

  Long-term lifestyle factors leading to eventual development of disease
• For each of the infectious diseases listed below, select whether a vaccine is already widely available, or still in progress (development and/or trial phases).

  • Measles       
  • Pneumonia         
  • HIV/AIDS       
  • Covid-19       

  Answer 1:Vaccine Widely Available Answer 2:Vaccine Widely Available Answer 3:Still in progress (development and/or trials) Answer 4:Vaccine Widely Available