challenges of urban growth

• the main challenge for mumbai is being able to manage the urban growth so the population have an adequate access to basic services and can earn a reasonable living
• basic services:

  a challenge is providing access to basic services, mainly clean water, sanitation systems and energy, to the many parts of mumbai that have have limiting access
• basic services:

  a recent study from a slum shows that 95 percent of households have lower access to clean water than the minimum recommended amount by the world health organisation
• basic services:

  in many slums, water is only available for an hour a day and then supply is shut off and for many people this is an insufficient amount
• basic services:

  78 percent of community toilets in mumbais slums lack water supply, meaning waste usually sits in blocked trains or ditches, this means slums become contaminated with diseases and the areas are unsafe for people to live in
• basic services:

  any sources of energy or electricity are extremely unreliable or expensive
• basic services:

  58 percent of people in Mumbai slums have no access whatsoever to electricity or power
• managing urban growth:

  it is estimated that 40 percent of the population live in poor quality housing or on the streets
• managing urban growth:

  chawls are a popular form of housing in Mumbai and they are overcrowded blocks of one small room per family
• managing urban growth:

  chawls were built over 100 years ago and now Vision Mumbai is a plan to improve Dharavi by constructing high rise tower blocks
• providing access to social services:

  illness and injury can increase with people living in such close proximity to each other and so diseases spread faster, such as malaria
• providing access to social services:

  Rapid urbanisation has placed considerable pressure on Mumbai’s strained health and education services. Although the Sion hospital has grown, it has not been able to match population growth. Many people have to wait a long time to be treated.
• providing access to social services:

  as the population increases, the standard of education falls because of the need to educate so many people
• providing access to social services:

  more than 80 percent of under 18s in the mumbai slums do not go to school
• managing environmental issues:

  one of the biggest environmental challenges is the increasing volumes of human and industrial waste, Mumbai generates 11,000 tonnes of waste every day, which is difficult and expensive to dispose of
• managing environmental issues:

  landfill sites give off huge amounts of greenhouse gases, not only impacting locals, bit also contributes to global warming
• managing environmental issues:

  an increase of motor vehicles travelling along major city roads, pollutes the city with large amounts of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants that can damage peoples health
• managing environmental issues:

  traffic emissions are responsible for 8 percent of mumbais carbon emissions
• managing environmental issues:

  waste from landfill sites and poor sewage systems pollutes rivers, so 43 percent of drinking water is contaminated with E coli and 76 percent with coliform bacteria
• reducing unemployment and crime:

  there are high levels of crime rates because more people turn to illegal activities to survive, as they cant make a good living
• reducing unemployment and crime:

  the crime index of mumbai is reasonably high at 49.84, and every increasing