bio-paper 2 🍃

Cards (250)

  • What is the first topic discussed in the biology paper?
    Homeostasis and response
  • What is the definition of homeostasis?
    Regulation of internal environments
  • Why is it important to keep conditions constant in organisms?
    To ensure enzymes work effectively
  • What are the three conditions that need to be kept constant in humans?
    Blood glucose, water levels, body temperature
  • What is the normal body temperature in humans?
    37 degrees Celsius
  • What is a stimulus in the context of homeostasis?
    A change in the environment
  • What detects changes in the environment?
    Receptor cells
  • What are the two types of effectors in the body?
    Muscles and glands
  • What do sensory neurons do in the nervous system?
    Carry impulses from receptors to CNS
  • How many main sense organs are there in the body?
    Five
  • What does the eye detect?
    Light
  • What does the nose detect?
    Chemicals by smell
  • What does the tongue detect?
    Chemicals by taste
  • What do the ears detect?
    Sound and balance
  • What does the skin detect?
    Pressure and temperature
  • What is the central nervous system made up of?
    Brain and spinal cord
  • What are neurons?
    Individual nerve cells
  • What is a nerve?
    A bundle of neurons
  • What happens when a stimulus occurs?
    Receptor cells detect the stimulus
  • What is the role of the sensory neuron?
    Passes impulse to relay neuron
  • What does the relay neuron do?
    Passes impulse to motor neuron
  • What does the motor neuron do?
    Triggers the effector to respond
  • What is a reflex action?
    An automatic and rapid response
  • What is the role of the effector?
    Carry out the response
  • What is the difference between a reflex action and other nervous system responses?
    Reflex actions do not involve conscious brain
  • What is the endocrine system?
    A system of glands secreting hormones
  • What do glands in the endocrine system secrete?
    Hormones
  • How do hormones travel in the body?
    Through the bloodstream
  • What is the master gland in the endocrine system?
    Pituitary gland
  • Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?
    It releases hormones affecting other glands
  • What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?
    Thyroxine
  • What does thyroxine control?
    Basal metabolic rate
  • What does adrenaline do to the body?
    Increases heart rate and oxygen supply
  • What is the fight-or-flight response?
    A reaction to stressful situations
  • What is negative feedback?
    A process to maintain constant hormone levels
  • What does TSH stand for?
    Thyroid stimulating hormone
  • What happens when thyroxine levels increase?
    Less TSH is produced by the pituitary gland
  • What happens when thyroxine levels decrease?
    More TSH is produced by the pituitary gland
  • What is the role of glucose in cells?
    Used for respiration to release energy
  • What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?
    Insulin is released by the pancreas