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bio-paper 2 🍃
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Cards (250)
What is the first topic discussed in the biology paper?
Homeostasis and
response
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What is the definition of homeostasis?
Regulation of
internal
environments
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Why is it important to keep conditions constant in organisms?
To ensure
enzymes
work effectively
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What are the three conditions that need to be kept constant in humans?
Blood
glucose
, water levels, body temperature
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What is the normal body temperature in humans?
37 degrees Celsius
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What is a stimulus in the context of homeostasis?
A change in the
environment
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What detects changes in the environment?
Receptor cells
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What are the two types of effectors in the body?
Muscles
and
glands
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What do sensory neurons do in the nervous system?
Carry
impulses
from receptors to
CNS
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How many main sense organs are there in the body?
Five
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What does the eye detect?
Light
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What does the nose detect?
Chemicals
by smell
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What does the tongue detect?
Chemicals
by taste
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What do the ears detect?
Sound and
balance
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What does the skin detect?
Pressure
and
temperature
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What is the central nervous system made up of?
Brain
and
spinal cord
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What are neurons?
Individual
nerve cells
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What is a nerve?
A bundle of
neurons
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What happens when a stimulus occurs?
Receptor cells
detect the stimulus
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What is the role of the sensory neuron?
Passes impulse to
relay neuron
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What does the relay neuron do?
Passes impulse to
motor neuron
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What does the motor neuron do?
Triggers the
effector
to respond
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What is a reflex action?
An
automatic
and rapid response
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What is the role of the effector?
Carry out the
response
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What is the difference between a reflex action and other nervous system responses?
Reflex actions do not involve
conscious brain
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What is the endocrine system?
A system of
glands
secreting
hormones
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What do glands in the endocrine system secrete?
Hormones
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How do hormones travel in the body?
Through the
bloodstream
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What is the master gland in the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
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Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?
It releases
hormones
affecting other glands
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What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine
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What does thyroxine control?
Basal metabolic rate
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What does adrenaline do to the body?
Increases
heart rate
and
oxygen supply
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What is the fight-or-flight response?
A reaction to stressful
situations
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What is negative feedback?
A process to maintain constant
hormone levels
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What does TSH stand for?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
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What happens when thyroxine levels increase?
Less
TSH
is produced by the
pituitary gland
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What happens when thyroxine levels decrease?
More
TSH
is produced by the
pituitary gland
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What is the role of glucose in cells?
Used for
respiration
to release energy
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What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?
Insulin
is released by the
pancreas
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