malawi case study

• | location of malawai

  • LANDLOCKED in southeastern africa
  • no direct access to seaports, limiting trade opportunities
  • Low Income Country (LIC)
  • GDP per capita $450
• | political context

  • multi-party DEMOCRACY since 1994 but affected by corruption & political instability
• | social context

  • low literacy rate
  • around 66%
  • high levels of poverty
  • limited access to healthcare & education
  • few secondary schools in rural areas
• | cultural context

  • largely christian
  • strong traditional values
  • growing use of english in education
• | environmental context

  • rural country
  • fertile land
  • vulnerable to floods, droughts & climate change
• | uneven development in malawi

  • CORE region:
  • aka urban areas
  • main cities
  • better developed than rural with better infrastructure (+ some access to electricity), secondary schools & service
  • eg blantyre
• | uneven development in malawi

  • PERIPHERY region:
  • aka rural
  • developed with less schools, little investments & access to electricity
• what's an example of a core area in malawi?

  blantyre
• what kind of country is malawi in terms of its location?

  landlocked
• how does malawi's location affect it's trade opportunities

  limited due to no direct access to seaports
• | changes in economic sectors

  • primary: dominant- 80% work in agriculture
  • vulnerable to climate change & low prices for crops
• | changes in economic sectors

  • secondary: very small manufacturing base
  • positive: some job creation in urban areas like salima sugar company
• | changes in economic sectors

  • tertiary: growing slowly
  • eg education, healthcare, tourism
• | changes in economic sectors

  • quaternary: very limited development due to lack of development & skills
• | population of malawi

  • young, rapidly growing population
  • low life expectancy & high birth rate
• | international aid

  • can solve short term problems
  • can also create problems by making countries become dependent on aid
• | urban core

  • 17% of people live in urban areas
  • blantyre largest city
  • 46% of people have electricity
  • attracts most investment
• | urban core

  • investment in core can have a trickloe down effect of wealth as wealthy residents move out of town
  • however the disparity can also grow bigger between urban core & extreme periphery
• | rural periphery

  • khulungira lacks investment
  • lack of labour skills, poor infrastructure & connections will put off investors
  • no electricity or running water
  • little afford secondary education
• | international trade

  • malawi sells its exports to germany, india, south africa & USA
  • in recent years, exports from malawi have fallen
  • tobacco dominates their current exports
• • malawi is one of the least developed country according to the UN
• who states that malawi is one of the least developed countries?

  UN
• • malawi is landlocked
  • former british colony
• whats the capital of malawi?

  lilongwe
• what is lilongwe?

  the capital of malawi
• blantyre blantyre blantyre
• • blantyre largest city & main business centre
• • malawi is dependent on aid
• | population initiatives

  • government trying to increase access to family planning advice & contraception
  • government has encouraged health workers to give injectable contraceptives which is now most used
  • UNICEF running campaigns to encourage girls to stay in school which is seen as key to family planning
  • UNICEF encourages girls to get married later which should help reduce birth rates
• | salima sugar company

  • funded by chinese investors
  • + plans to generate green electricity
  • + diversify away from tobacco
  • + create 3,000 jobs
  • - cleared over 500 hectares of land
  • - farmers lost land
  • - water taken from nearby lake, reducing supply for locals
  • - had to import sugar in which can harm economy
• | project peanut butter

  • started 2004
  • treat severe malnutrition
  • built 2 factories to produce butter
  • funded by UNICEF & MSF
  • ran by malawians; involving locals, led by charity
• | TNCs

  • 70% foreign income from tobacco
  • japanese tobacco international
  • + 350 permanent employees in malawi + 1000 seasonal
  • + company HQ in lilongwe which had a multiplier effect on the local area
  • invested $435 million in malawi
  • - intense tobacco farming led to decline in soil nutrients
  • - most proft goes back to HQ in switzerland
  • - accusations of child labour
  • JTI doesnt employ children but it's hard to tell if it doesn't happen along supply chains
• • barely 10% of the population uses the internet