Building System Design

• Design and Purpose is the purpose of building is to provide shelter for the performance of human activities.
• The form of a building is an outgrowth of:

  1. Function
  2. Environment
  3. Various Socio Economic Factors
• Form of a building is affected by various socio economic factors such as:

  1. Land Costs
  2. Tenancy
  3. Building budget
  4. Zoning Restrictions
• Structural Form

  In the Technology of building, every structure must work against gravity which tends to pull everything down to the ground.
• A balance must therefore be attained between:

  1. The force of gravity
  2. Shape of the structure
  3. Strength of the material used
• The different types of trusses most commonly used in buildings are named after inventors, namely:

  1. The Pratt Truss (LETTER N)
  2. The Howe Trusses (BALIKTAD NA N)
  3. The Warren Trusses (LETTER V)
• Cantilever is much used in modern buildings as a result of the availability of steel and reinforced concrete
• The second important property of a building materials is its stiffness. This property is defined by the elastic modulus which is the ratio of stress to the strain. The elastic modulus therefore, is a measure of the resistance of a material to deformation under load. Structural steel which has an elastic modulus of 2,100,000 kg per sq. cm. is 3 times as stiff as aluminum, 10 times as stiff as concrete and 15 times as stiff as wood.
• TOOLS are defined as implements used to modify raw materials human use. Tools can be considered as extension of the hand thereby increasing its speed, power and accuracy.
• The first tools used by man were certain natural objects that lay at hand. They were sometimes only stones call “pebble stone” which were sharpened by the removal of a few chips.
• Importance of Tools Advantages derived by using the proper tools:

  • Efficiency of the work
  • Quality
  • Speed of accomplishment
  • Accuracy
• However, these advantages depends upon three factors, namely:

  • Availability and sufficiency of materials
  • Experience and skill of the workers in their respective fields
  • Tools and equipment of good quality and standard make
• Classification of Tools

  Tools are categorized into six functional groups, namely:

  1. Striking
  2. Cutting
  3. Boring
  4. Torsion
  5. Measuring
  6. Holding
• However, the different kinds of construction tools maybe classified according to the different kinds of trade involved, namely:

  • Carpentry
  • Masonry
  • Tinsmithing
  • Painters
  • Plumbing
  • Electrical