Unit 11 - Emotions

• Basic Emotions: intrest, distress, disgust, contentment, later anger sadness, joy, surprise, fear
• Complex emotions: Self conscious emotion: embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, pride
• Your parental reaction will affect your growing up and your adult years
• Emotional Display rules: supressing and expressing rules (appropriate to society)
• Emotional Self-Regulation: positively related to language development, harder for boys to do
• Social referencing: using others' emotions as a guide to our own emotions
• Empathy is a learned responce, not an innate one
• Emotional Intelligence: The ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others
• Temperament: reacting emotionally and behaviorally to the environment
• Heritability in temperament is somewhat correlated
• Environmental Influences can affect one's temperament and are most influenced by positive experiences in shared environments, while negative experiences in non-shared enviroments
• Behavioural Inhibition: Children show little inhibition, they are more likely to act on their impulses
• Thomas and Chess Temperamental Profiles:

  • Easy (40%)
  • Difficult (10%)
  • Slow-to-warm-up (15%)
  • Unique (35%)
• Goodness to Fit Model: relation to the parent's caregiving style, and the child's temperament.

  low positivity from the parent causes problems in children's reactions
• Attachment: a Close emotional relationship between two people, mutual affection, and desire to maintain procimity
• John Bowlby: described positive attachment in reciprocal relationships
• Four phases in attachment development:

  • Asocial
  • Indiscriminate
  • Specific
  • Multiple
• Mary Ainsworth: apart from attachment, you also need a secure base. Someone you can always return to who you can rely on
• Learning Theoriest: Food is a primary Reinforcer of attachement, and the mother becomes a secondary reinforcer
• Psychoanalytic Theorists: Oral gratification (use of food)
• Delayed Gratification: Psychoanalytic can cause issues with attachment and cause a child to be selfish and demanding
• Cognitive-development view: children will form scemas in order to form attachement (like object permanence)
• Etholgical (evolutionary) view: attachment to the figure that is helping us, immetiatly after hatching, and is irriversible
• What behaviours are adaptive: elicit care and attention: smiling , grasping, rooting, and babbleing. Increases the likelyhood of being cared for
• Attachment related fears:

  stranger anxiety: negitive reaction to an unfamiliar person

  Separation Anxiety: Discomfort when separated from someone who is the attachment
• Ethological viewpoint on Attachment: Biological Fears
• Cognitive-Developmental Viewpoint on attachement fears: need to be some level of understanding of what is safe or not safe based on schemas. "all brown haired people are safe because mom has brown hair"
• Four different attachment Styles: Secure, (anxious) ambivalent, (a)avoidant, and (a)disorganized.
• Avoidant Attachement: little distress and seeks no comfort (rejecting or overstimulating caregiver)
• disorganized attachement: will be wishy washy on how they act (usually due to Abuse)
• Ambivalent attachement: Stays attached to mom, explores little, wary of strangers, and doesnt react she returns after leaving (inconsistant caregiver)
• The Six different temperaments:

  • Fearful
  • Irritable
  • Positive
  • Activity
  • Attention span
  • rhythmicity