Physical Geo

• Geo-ecosphere - All four spheres
• Topography - Shape of land
• Geomorphology - Study of the start and change of earths surface
• pedology - study of soil
• Hydrology - Distribution and movement of water
• Climatology - Study of climate
• oceanography - study of the oceans
• metoerology - study of atmosphere
• Biogeography - study of the distribution of life
• Plate - A thick rigid object
• Tectonics - Large scale process in earths crust
• Fossils, rock types and mountains are all evidence of Pangea
• The heavier plate tectonic is taken under in subduction
• Trenches are at subduction zones
• Ocean mapping, seafloor spreading, paleomagnetism and crust subduction confirm the theory of Tectonic plates. (then computer and math)
• Tectonic plates glide on top of the Asthenosphere
• 75% of volcanoes and 90% of earthquakes are in Ring of Fire
• Plate motion is detected by satellites (Machine)
• minerals - Rock with Crystalline structure
• Rock - Solid thing in the ground, made of minerals
• Block fault - Pressure builds up and creates a mountain, usually come in groups
• Fold - Pressure makes the rock bend and fold, creating a mountain range.
• Intrusive Igneous rock - When magma cools under the surface
• Extrusive Igneous Rock - when lava cools on the surface
• Minerals formed closer to the surface are lighter and less dense
• Minerals formed further from the surface are darker and denser
• Gradual disintegration - rock slowly expands and contracts, causing it to break down
• The three types of weathering are physical, chemical and biological
• Sedimentary Rocks can be easily eroded by weathering, but metamorphic rocks cannot.
• Igneous rocks have crystalline structure
• Chemical Weathering is caused by carbonation, hydrolysis and oxidation
• Chemical weathering occurs when water reacts with minerals to form new compounds
• Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks through living organisms such as plants and animals
• Biological Weathering is when plants and animals weather rock
• Folding is when plates are pressured from each side
• Block fault - Pressure builds from the bottom and makes a mountain(Usually in groups)
• Volcanism - The process of volcanoes forming and erupting.
• Faulting: the production of a fault or faults in a rock formation
• Gradational Forces - Breaky forceys, but no taky
• Temperature is a weathering force (Expand and Contract)