Biology 2.6 - Transport Systems in Animals

• What system transports blood around the body?

  Cardiovascular system
• What is in blood?

  Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
• What is it called when haemoglobin combines with oxygen?

  Oxyhaemoglobin
• What are the two types of white blood cells?

  • Lymphocyte
  • Phagocyte
• Function of lymphocytes?

  Produces antibodies, and is highly specific
• Function of phagocyte?

  To engulf pathogens, and is not specific
• What vein / artery goes to the head?

  Carotid artery and jugular vein
• What vein / artery goes to the lungs?

  Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
• What vein / artery goes to the body?

  Vena cava and aorta
• What vein / artery goes to the liver?

  Hepatic artery and hepatic vein
• What vein / artery goes to the kidneys?

  Renal vein and renal artery
• What vein / artery goes to the legs?

  Iliac vein and Iliac artery
• Label each part?

  Chamber A = left atrium

  Chamber B = left ventricle

  Chamber C = right ventricle

  Chamber D = right atrium

  1 = aorta

  2 = pulmonary vein

  3 = vena cava

  4 = pulmonary artery

  
• What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

  Bring blood the heart on the left side
• What is the function of the vena cava?

  Brings blood to the right side of the heart
• What is the function of the left atrium?

  The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle
• What is the function of the right atrium?

  The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle.
• What is the function of the left ventricle?

  The function of the left ventricle is to pump oxygenated blood to the aorta
• What is the function of the right ventricle?

  The function of the right ventricle is to pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
• What is the function of the aorta?

  The function of the aorta is to carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
• What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

  Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
• Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right?

  It needs to pump blood further all around the body
• What is the purpose of valves?

  To stop the backflow of blood
• What is the pathway of blood around the heart?

  Deoxygenated blood enters the body through the vena cava, into the right atrium and the right ventricle. The blood then travels through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. The blood then goes through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and left ventricle, where it is pumped through the aorta to the body
• What supplies the heart with blood?

  Coronary arteries
• What can block coronary arteries?

  An atheroma
• What can a atheroma cause?

  • A myocardial infarction
  • A heart attack
• What do arteries divide into?

  Capillaries
• Arteries have?

  • High pressure
  • Oxygenated blood
  • Low co2
• Veins have?

  • Low pressure
  • Deoxygenated blood
  • High co2
• Where does gas exchange happen in respiring tissues?

  Capillaries
• Arteries?

  Walls = thick and muscular

  Lumen (centre) = narrow channel

  Pressure = high

  Carry blood from the heart -> body's tissues
• Capillaries?

  Walls = one cell thick

  Lumen (centre) = diameter of a red blood cell

  Pressure = low

  Carry blood from the artery -> vein
• Veins?

  Walls = thinner than arteries

  Lumen (centre) = larger channel

  Pressure = low

  Carry blood from the body's tissues -> heart
• Capillaries are most dense in organs and tissues
• Capillaries allow for the rapid exchange of oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide due to the large surface area