Ideological State Apparatus and Repressive State Apparatus are both used to control the working class. ISA does this through media by controlling what they see e.g. stoking racism as a distraction tactic. RSA is the police and judicial system
Engles (Marxist)
Working class are in the 'Reserve army of labour', so they work on zero hour contracts in least desirable, least secure and least pay jobs.
Tumin (Marxist)
There is no consensus over rewards. Some people are not motivated by money but altruism. E.g. Nurses and teachers.
Markovits
Meritocracy is a myth
Parsons (Functionalist)
We have meritocracy and value consensus in society. Those who contribute more deserve more rewards
Davis and Moore (Functionalists)
Role allocation and stratification is functionally necessary for society. As they allocate people to the correct role based on functional uniqueness, it also rewards those willing to work to highest standards e.g. Lord Alan Sugar
Murray (New Right)
There is a underclass due to creation of dependancy culture. People lack motivation, are poorly socialised and often have higher crime rates. 22 million claim benefits
Weber
Some people have better opportunities than others due to their market position (status + class).
Marx
Class can be divided into proletariat and bourgeoisie. Bourgeoisie exploit proletariat to get profit resulting in polarisation of social classes, alienation and economic crisis. Goes undetected by false class consciousness
Pakulski and Waters (Postmodernists)
People group themselves based on symbolic values rather than class.
