tissue culture

• Tissue culture is a process in which tissue cells are grown using nutrient media in a lab to produce clones of the same cells.
• The main advantage of tissue culture over traditional breeding methods is that it allows for faster production of large numbers of genetically identical plants, reducing the time needed for selective breeding programs.
• Another advantage of tissue culture is that it can be used to propagate rare or endangered plant species, preserving their genetic material and preventing extinction.
• A disadvantage of tissue culture is that it requires specialized equipment and expertise, making it more expensive than traditional breeding methods.
• Additionally, there is a risk of contamination by pathogens during the culturing process, potentially leading to disease outbreaks in crops.
• Callus is a mass of cells that can differentiate into any type of cell.
• 1. A parent plant is chosen with the desired characteristics.
  2. A very small amount of tissue is scraped from the parent plant (explants).
  3. Under aseptic conditions to prevent growth of harmful microbes, the tissue pieces are transferred to a sterile petri dish containing nutrient agar.
  4. Hormones are added to encourage the cells of the explants to grow.
  5. The explants continue to grow and eventually form plantlets that can be transferred to individual potting trays with compost, where they can develop into plants.
• 1. A sample of the tissue is extracted from the animal.
  2. Enzymes are used to separate the cells that make up the tissue sample.
  3. The cells are placed in a culture vessel along with a growth medium.
  4. This contains all the nutrients needed for the cells to grow and multiply into tissues.
  5. Once the tissue culture has been grown, it can be stored for future use.