psychology/memory

• what is encoding?

  when information is changed from one form to another so that it can be stored for later recall.
• what is visual encoding?

  memories that are stored visually.
• what is acoustic encoding?

  memories that are stored in terms of what they sound like.
• what is semantic encoding?

  memories that are stored in terms of their meaning.
• what is tactile encoding?

  memory of what things feel like.
• what is olfactory encoding?

  memory for smells.
• what is storage?

  the information is kept in your brain for a period of time.
• what is retrieval?

  the information has to be located and brought out of your brain.
• what is recognition?

  seeing something and being able to identify what it is.
• what is cued recall?

  remembering information with a cue/clue.
• what is free recall?

  remembering information without any clues/ cues.
• what are the 3 key types of memory in the LTM?

  procedural, semantic and episodic.
• what is episodic memory?

  Memory for specific events or episodes in one's life.
• what is semantic memory?

  Long-term memory for general knowledge and concepts.
• what is procedural memory?

  memory for how to do things, it's your 'muscle memory'.
• who created the multi-store model?

  Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin.
• why was the multi-store model created?

  to see how memory works.
• the multi-store model consists of 3 types of memory and an explanation for how the information moves from one store to the next.
• whats the order of the multi-store model?

  stimulus from the environment, sensory register, STM, prolonged rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal, LTM.
• what is coding?

  the format in which information is stored.
• what is capacity?

  the amount of information that can be stored.
• what is duration?

  the length of time information is held in the brain for.
• whats the coding for the multi-store model?

  the senses.
• whats the capacity for the multi-store model?

  depends what store its in.
• whats the duration for the multi-store model?

  depends what store its in.
• the short-term memory store is known as the limited capacity store.
• the STMs capacity is...

  limited, it can hold 5-9 chunks of info.
• the STMs duration is...

  less than 30 seconds.
• the STMs coding is mainly...

  acoustic.
• what is maintenance rehearsal?

  repeating information over and over so it goes into your LTM.
• the long-term memory store is known as the permanent memory store.
• the LTMs coding is mainly...

  semantic.
• the LTMs capacity is...

  potentially unlimited.
• the LTMs duration is...

  potentially up to a lifetime.
• one strength of the multi-store model is...

  it has evidence for different memory stores.
• one strength of the multi-store model is that it has evidence for different memory stores. it shows that the STM and LTM are qualitatively different. Baddley supports this study, he found that we tend to mix up words that sound similar in our STM, But mix up words with similar meanings in our LTM. this proves that coding in our STM is clearly acoustic and in our LTM it's semantic.
• one weakness of the multi-store model is...

  the model is too simple.
• one weakness of the multi-store model is that the model is too simple. the multi-store model suggests we have just one STM and LTM. however, research studies shows that each of these stores have seperate parts. the STM divides into seperate visual and acoustic stores, whereas the LTM divides into seperate episodic, semantic and procedural memory stores. this suggests memory is far more complex then the model presents it as.
• whats the aim of murdocks serial position curve study?

  to see if memory of words was affected by the number of words a person has to remember.
• whats the method of murdocks serial position curve study?

  he created 20 word lists that varied in length from 10-40 words. the words he used were randomly selected from the 4000 most common words in england. his participants were 103 psychology students, they were asked to listen to these lists over a number of different sessions in groups, then afterwards he asked them to recall the words in the list.