Mse

• Atomic number


  Property of an element determined by the number of protons in its nucleus
• Valence electrons


  Electrons at the outermost shell of an atom
• Ferromagnetic materials


  Materials that behave like iron when placed in a magnetic field
• Space-lattice


  Distinct pattern in space which the atoms of metal arrange themselves when they combine to produce a substance of recognizable size
• Atoms


  Building blocks for engineering materials
• Quantum


  Term used to describe the amount of energy that is given off when an electron moves from one orbit to a lower orbit
• Unit cell


  When a solid has a crystalline structure, the atoms are arranged in repeating structures called this
• Dislocation


  Crystal imperfection characterized by regions of severe atomic misfit where most atoms are not properly surrounded by neighbor atoms
• Metal matrix composites


  Metals reinforced by ceramics or other materials, usually in fiber form
• Polymers


  Engineering material known as "plastics"
• Curie point


  Physical property of a material that refers to the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetized by outside forces
• Ceramics


  Materials typically characterized by strong covalent bonds and high melting points
• Polymers


  Materials characterized by long-chain molecules with flexible properties
• Metals


  Materials known for their high electrical conductivity and malleability
• Composites


  Material classification often reinforced with fibers or particles to enhance mechanical properties
• Polycrystalline


  Material structure that typically results in greater ductility
• Amorphous


  Material structure characterized by a random arrangement of atoms or molecules
• Electrical conductivity


  Property of a material primarily affected by the presence of impurities and defects
• Ductility


  Property of a material primarily influenced by the presence of dislocations
• Ionic bonding


  Type of chemical bonding that occurs between a metal atom and a non-metal atom
• Metallic bonding


  Type of chemical bonding primarily responsible for the electrical conductivity of metals
• Covalent bonding


  Type of chemical bonding that typically results in the formation of crystalline structures with high melting points
• Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)


  Crystal structure commonly found in metals like iron at high temperatures
• Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)


  Crystal structure commonly found in metals like aluminum and magnesium
• Hybrid Hexagonal Close-Packed (HHCP)

  Crystal structure where atoms arrange themselves in a hexagonal lattice with additional layers of atoms in a triangular arrangement
• Extrusion


  Process of forming continuous shapes by forcing a molten polymer through a metal die
• Stereospecificity


  Tendency for polymers and molecular materials to form with an ordered, spatial, three-dimensional arrangement of monomer molecules
• Proportional limit


  Greatest stress which a material is capable of withstanding without a deviation from acceptable of stress to strain
• Impact strength


  Amount of energy required to fracture a given volume of material
• Copolymer or interpolymer


  Large molecule with two alternating mers
• Hardness


  Mechanical property that describes the ability of a material to resist indentation or scratching
• Elasticity


  Property of a material to return to its original shape after the removal of an applied force
• Medium-carbon steel


  Steels used for axles, gears, and similar parts requiring medium to high hardness and high strength
• TZM alloy (Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum)


  Molybdenum-based alloy commonly used in aerospace applications due to its high-temperature strength and creep resistance
• Molybdenum in steel alloying

  Increases dynamic, high-temperature strength and hardness
• Nichrome


  Combination of elements with high electrical resistance, high corrosion resistance, and high strength at red heat temperatures, making it useful in resistance heating
• Deoxidizers


  Used to compensate for the remaining high iron oxide content of the steel
• Manganese in cast iron

  Reduces hardness by combining with sulfur below 0.5% and increases hardness above 0.5%
• Aluminum in cast iron

  Deoxidizes molten cast iron
• Silicon in cast iron

  Softens iron and increases ductility below 3.5%, hardens iron above 3.5% and increases acid and corrosion resistance above 13%