Arousal slides

• What is the definition of arousal?

  The intensity of emotion, motivation, and behavior
• What does arousal indicate in terms of psychological readiness?

  It indicates the degree of psychological readiness
• What are the two types of arousal?

  Cognitive and somatic
• What are the branches of arousal?

  • Somatic (physiological): Changes in physical state (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure)
  • Cognitive (psychological): Relates to mental processes (e.g., worry, anxiety)
• What is the main premise of Drive Theory by Hull (1952)?

  Arousal and performance have a linear relationship
• What happens to the dominant response as arousal increases according to Drive Theory?

  It becomes more likely as arousal increases
• What is the formula associated with Drive Theory?

  P = f(H x D)
• What is a limitation of Drive Theory?

  Performance may deteriorate due to motivational losses
• What does the Inverted U Theory state about arousal and performance?

  Performance increases with arousal until an optimum point
• How does the Inverted U Theory relate to task types?

  Optimum arousal varies by task complexity
• What factors influence the optimum level of arousal according to the Modified Inverted U Theory?

  • Task complexity
  • Personality type (extroverts vs. introverts)
  • Skill level (autonomous vs. cognitive learners)
• What happens if an athlete is under-aroused according to the Inverted U Theory?

  They cannot concentrate or may experience overload
• What occurs if an athlete is over-aroused?

  They may miss cues and experience panic
• What does Catastrophe Theory suggest about arousal and performance?

  Performance declines sharply after an optimum arousal point
• What happens when high cognitive arousal coincides with high somatic anxiety?

  It causes loss of control and coordination
• What is 'Peak Flow' in sports performance?

  When optimum performance levels are achieved
• What characterizes the experience of being 'in the zone' during performance?

  • Performance feels fluent and effortless
  • Associated with high motivation and inner drive
  • Enjoyment without stress
• What are some strengths and weaknesses of the theories of arousal discussed?

  Each theory has unique strengths and limitations