Section B

• opposition from Elizabeth Barton (nun of kent)

  -in 1525 Elizabeth an unknown 16 year old from Kent claimed the Virgin Mary had appeared in her visions and cured her

  -she entered a convent in Canterbury where she gained an audience

  -from 1527 he started attacking protestant ideas, including Henry's plan to divorce Catherine

  -I'm 1532 she warned the king that he would die a villains death within a month if he divorced Catherine

  -the nuns book was a published collection of her prophecies

  -in 1533 Henry ordered Cromwell to act as the visions were embarrassing for Henry

  -July 1533 Barton was arrested and taken to the tower of London

  -all 700 copies of the nuns book were destroyed

  -in November she was forced to confess that she lied

  -April 1534 she was executed
• opposition from john fisher:

  -he was Bishop of Rochester in 1504

  -he had tutored Henry as a Prince

  -he became a critic of the divorce

  -he said Henry was committing a mortal sin

  -Henry hated fisher, but he hadn't broken any lass so couldn't be arrested

  -because of his ties with Barton he could be charged with treason in 1533

  -he escaped with just a fine of £300 because of his high status

  -in April 1534 Henry demanded fisher take the oath of succession but he refused and was sent to the tower of London

  -in May 1535 the pope announced fisher would be made a cardinal but Henry executed him for treason in June 1535
• opposition from thomas more:

  -appointed lord Chancellor in 1529

  -devout Catholic who banned all protestant books and personally hunted heretics

  -he resigned chancellorship in 1532 as his religious beliefs went against Henry's wish to divorce Catherine

  -in April 1534 he was asked to take the oath of succession

  -he refused and was sent to the tower of London and remained there for a year

  -put on trial in July 1535 and evidence was produced to show he had critiqued the break from Rome

  -he was executed under the treason act

  -More became a martyr for the catholics

  -his excommunication outraged many ans discredited Henry

  -the pope threatened to excommunicate Henry
• What years did reformers try to persuade Henry to move the church towards Protestantism?


  1534 to 1540
• Why was being openly Protestant dangerous for reformers during Henry's reign?

  Because Henry was still a Catholic
• Who was burnt at the stake in 1533 for denying transubstantiation?

  John Frith
• What important changes did Cromwell make to the church despite the dangers?

  He implemented significant reforms
• What did the Act of Ten Articles declare in July 1536?


  There were only three sacraments
• What were the royal injunctions issued in August 1536 meant to enforce?


  Support for royal supremacy and discourage pilgrimages
• What was the main duty of a priest according to the Bishops' Book published in 1537?


  Preaching
• What setback did the Bishops' Book represent for reformers?

  It reinstated the seven sacraments
• What significant change was mandated by the second set of royal injunctions in 1538?


  An English Bible in all churches
• What impact did the removal of religious images and statues have?


  It affected day-to-day worship
• Who helped Cromwell draft the Ten Articles and Bishops' Book?


  Thomas Cranmer
• How did Cranmer's loyalty to the king affect his beliefs?

  He was flexible and allowed Protestant executions
• What decision did Henry make in 1538 regarding Catholic values?


  He returned to traditional Catholic values
• What happened to John Lambert in 1538 for denying transubstantiation?


  He was plunged into flames repeatedly
• What did the Six Articles published in 1539 reaffirm?


  Traditional Catholic beliefs
• What consequence did failure to agree to the Six Articles have?


  Imprisonment and death
• What progress did reformist ideas make by 1540?

  Pilgrimages and worshipping images were declining
• Why was it not possible to recall all copies of the English Bible by 1540?


  Because of the widespread distribution