Trematodes

• Trematodes 


  Fluke worms
• Fasciola hepatica 


  sheep liver fluke
• Fasciola gigantica


  giant liver fluke
• Echinostoma ilocanum


  garrison's fluke/echinostomid fluke
• Pila luzonica


  2nd intermediate host of Echninostoma ilocanum
• Eurytrema pancreaticum


  pancreatic fluke
• Fasciolopsis buski


  giant intestinal fluke/giant intestinal fluke
• Schistoma 


  is a genus of parasitic flukes that infect birds and mammals, including humans
• Schistosoma have been identified in 5:

  Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mekongi, and Schistosoma intercalatum
• Schistosoma japonicum 


  is the predominant species in the Philippines and will be discussed in detail in this chapter
• Schistosoma japonicum

  oriental blood fluke
• Schistosomiasis


  disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum
• Oncomelania


  Intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum
• Paragonimus westermani

  oriental lung flukes
• Paragonimiasis


  is an infection of humans and other mammals by trematodes of the genus Paragonimus
• Paragonimus siamensis


  The only other species in the Philippines (paragonimus ____), which has only been identified in cats
• Paragonimus westermani


  the adult lung fluke (Plate 5.7) is reddishbrown and measures 7 to 12 mm in length, 4 to 6 mm in width, 3.5 to 5 mm in thickness, and resembles a coffee bean
• Sporocyst


  a thick-walled rounded structure produced by sporozoan protozoans, in which sporozoites are formed.
• Sundathelphusa philippina


  second intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani
• Liver species


  Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis
• Lung species

  Paragonimus westermani
• Intestinal species

  Fasciolopsis buski, Heterophyes heterophyes, Metagonimus yokogawai
• Blood Species

  Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma haematobium
• Trematodes


  this is belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flukes divided into four (4) categories


  intestinal, liver, lung, blood
• Symptoms associated with trematode infections include:

  eosinophilia, allergic and toxic reactions, tissue damage, jaundice, and diarrhea
• Small Intestine


  F.buski adults lives in
• Bile Ducts


  F.hepatica take up residence in
• Sheep and Cattle


  natural host of F.hepatica
• Man


  accidental host of F.hepatica
• Clonorchis sinensis


  chinese liver fluke
• Clonorchiasis


  symptoms caused by C.sinensis
• Heterophyes heterophyes


  heterophid fluke
• Metagonimus yokogawai


  CN: heterophid fluke
• Heterophyes


  thick
• Metagonimus 


  thin
• Heterophyiasis and Metagonimiasis


  Heavy infections of H. heterophyes and M. yokogawai produce similar symptoms
• Praziquantel


  treatment of choice for Heterophyes and Metagonimus infection
• Paragonimus westermani


  this parasite is transmitted in undercooked crayfish or crabs
• Schistosoma mansoni & Schistosoma japonicum


  these two parasites resides in the vein that surround the intestinal tract, as well as in the blood passages of the liver