Reaction rates

• What can reactions be classified as?

  Fast or slow
• What does the rate of reaction measure?

  How fast the reaction happens
• How can the rate of a reaction be observed?

  By measuring reactants or products
• What formula is used to calculate the average rate of reaction?

  Average rate = amount of reactant used
• What is the first method to measure reaction rates mentioned?

  Precipitation
• How does the second method for measuring reaction rates work?

  Mix reactants and observe a mark through the mixture
• What is the third method for measuring reaction rates?

  Observing the mark through the mixture
• What happens to the appearance of the mixture as the reaction proceeds?

  It becomes cloudier
• What is the second method for measuring reaction rates involving gas?

  Measuring gas production
• How can the rate of reaction be measured using mass loss?

  By measuring the mass of gas released
• What happens to the mass of the system as gas is produced?

  The mass decreases
• What does a quicker reading on the balance indicate?

  A faster reaction
• What indicates that a reaction has finished?

  The reading on the balance stops changing
• What happens to the reaction rate as the reading on the balance stabilizes?

  The reaction is complete
• What is the final method for measuring reaction rates mentioned?

  Change in mass
• How can the rate of reaction be measured using a mass balance?

  By measuring the mass of gas released
• What happens to the mass of the system as gas is released?

  The mass decreases
• What does a quicker reading on the balance indicate about the reaction?

  It indicates a faster reaction
• What signifies that a reaction has finished?

  The reading on the balance stops changing
• What are the methods for measuring reaction rates?

  1. Precipitation
  2. Measuring gas production
  3. Change in mass
• What is the effect of gas release on mass?

  Mass decreases
• How does the rate of reaction relate to the speed of gas release?

  Faster gas release indicates a faster reaction
• What does a faster reading on the balance suggest about the reaction?

  It suggests a faster reaction rate
• What indicates that a reaction has finished?

  The reading on the balance stabilizes
• What happens to the reaction rate as the reading stabilizes?

  The reaction is complete
• What are the factors affecting reaction rates?

  • Concentration of reactants
  • Temperature
  • Surface area
  • Presence of catalysts
• What is the relationship between concentration and reaction rate?

  Higher concentration increases reaction rate
• How does temperature affect reaction rates?

  Higher temperature increases reaction rate
• What is the effect of surface area on reaction rates?

  Larger surface area increases reaction rate
• What role do catalysts play in reaction rates?

  Catalysts increase reaction rates
• What is the effect of a catalyst on a reaction?

  It speeds up the reaction
• How does the presence of a catalyst affect the activation energy?

  It lowers the activation energy
• What is the relationship between reaction rate and activation energy?

  Lower activation energy increases reaction rate
• What is the effect of temperature on the kinetic energy of particles?

  Higher temperature increases kinetic energy
• How does increased kinetic energy affect reaction rates?

  It increases the frequency of collisions
• What is the relationship between collision frequency and reaction rate?

  Higher collision frequency increases reaction rate
• What is the effect of concentration on the number of collisions?

  Higher concentration increases number of collisions
• How does surface area affect the number of collisions?

  Larger surface area increases number of collisions
• What is the effect of catalysts on the number of effective collisions?

  Catalysts increase the number of effective collisions
• What is the overall effect of increasing temperature on reaction rates?

  It generally increases reaction rates