link btw economic development and disease

• outline

  • lower development = more exposed to disease
  • LIDC = higher prev of communicable diseases = diseases of poverty
  • AC = higher prev of non-communicable diseases = diseases of affluence
• economic development decreases communicable disease

  • improved wealth = improved access to food = better diets = increased immunity to diseases because ppl are healthier
  • improved wealth = improved infrastructure = access to clean drinking water = less risk of water-borne diseases
  • improved wealth = more investment in screening and vaccination programmes. and more funding for research and development of medicines
• economic development increases non-communicable disease

  • improved wealth = increased life expectancy = older people more at risk to diseases on affluence / non-communicable diseases such as cancer of heart problems
  • improved wealth = access to surplus of food = increased consumption of high calorie food = diabetes
  • improved wealth = increased social activities like smoking, drinking, drugs = cancer and liver diseases
• outline the theory of epidemiological transition

  • created by Omran 1971 to describe the relationship between:
  • % of different age groups
  • mortality
  • life expectancy
  • cause of death
• what are the 4 stages of the epidemiological transition?

  1. pestilence and famine
  2. receding pandemics
  3. degenerative and man-made diseases
  4. delayed degenerative diseases
• outline the pestilence and famine stage - 1

  • Malnutrition 
  • Infectious diseases
  • Life expectancy: 35 years
  • Types of diseases: infectious and nutritional
• outline the receding pandemics stage - 2

  • Improved nutrition and public health
  • Chronic diseases
  • Life expectancy: 50 years
  • Types of diseases: infectious and stroke/hemorrhagic
• outline the degenerative and man-made diseases stage - 3

  • High fat and caloric intake
  • Tobacco use
  • Chronic diseases
  • Life expectancy: over 60 years
  • Types of disease: Ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke/hemorrhagic
• outline the delayed degenerative diseases stage

  • Leading causes of mortality = cancer deaths
  • Prevention and treatment delays onset diseases
  • Life expectancy: over 70 years
  • Types of diseases: IHD , stroke
• causes of diseases of affluence

  • Urban settings = access to public transport and car ownership = less walking AND fewer opportunities for exercise 
  • Growth of powerful food corporations who push cheap, energy dense food = increased availability in processed foods
  • More women in work, outside of the home = less home cooking = more eating out