Axell

• Biomechanics


  • The study and science of how biological organisms systems and structures respond to external forces and stimuli
  • The science of movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement
  • Part of the longer field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on the mechanics of the movement
• Elements of Biomechanics


  • Motion
  • Force
  • Momentum
  • Levers
• Motion


  • The movement of a body on an object across space
  • Speed and acceleration are major elements of motion
• Force


  The push or pull that causes a person or object to accelerate, decelerate, stop, or change direction
• Momentum


  The product of a weight and its velocity when it is moved
• Levers


  Our arms and legs function as levers; a lever has three parts: the resistance arm, the fulcrum, and the axis of notation
• Balance


  Stability. The alignment of the body's central gravity over the base of support is a fundamental principle of balance.
• Many recreational and physical activities necessitate a good sense of balance
• 4 Principles used in Biomechanics

  • Dynamics
  • Kinematics
  • Kinetics
  • Statics
• Dynamics


  The study of moving systems that undergo acceleration and deceleration
• Kinematics


  The study of motion patterns, describing the effect of forces on a system including linear and angular variations in velocity, position, displacement, speed and acceleration
• Kinetics


  The study of what generates motion and the forces and durations at work
• Statics


  The study of systems at equilibrium, whether at rest or moving at a constant velocity
• Objectives of Biomechanics


  • Primary objective: to increase performance in a particular sport or physical exercise
  • Secondary objective: to make recommendations for injury prevention and rehabilitation
• Applications of Biomechanics


  • Orthotics
  • Prosthetics
• Orthotics


  Devices used to improve body alignment
• Prosthetics


  Artificial limbs used to replace lost or broken limbs
• Fundamental Body Movements


  • Locomotor Movements
  • Non-Locomotor (Axial) Movements
• Locomotor Movements


  Movements where the body travels from one location to another point
• Non-Locomotor (Axial) Movements


  Movements of the body without allowing the body to travel
• Types of Locomotor Movements

  • Even Movements
  • Uneven Movements
• Even Movements


  Made up of equal, unchanging actions
• Uneven Movements


  Consist of unequal, changing actions
• Examples of Locomotor Movements

  • Walking
  • Running
  • Hopping
  • Leaping
  • Jumping
  • Skipping
  • Galloping
  • Sliding
• Examples of Non-Locomotor Movements

  • Bending
  • Shaking
  • Stretching
  • Swaying
  • Swinging
  • Turning
  • Twisting
  • Wiggling
• Fundamental Movement Skills are the foundation for more advanced and specialized skills that learners will need to participate in various games, sports, and leisure activities
• Types of Fundamental Movement Skills


  • Body Management Skills
  • Locomotor Skills
  • Object Control Skills
• Body Management Skills


  Skills involving balancing, maintaining equilibrium and postural control of the body in stillness and in motion
• Locomotor Skills


  Skills that involve transporting the body in any direction from one point to another
• Object Control Skills


  Skills requiring controlling implements and objects such as balls, hoops, bats, and ribbons
• Movement Concepts (Elements of Movement)

  • Body Awareness
  • Spatial Awareness
  • Directional Awareness
  • Temporal Awareness
  • Relationship Awareness
• Body Awareness


  Learning a person's body parts and understanding what the parts can do, and moving the parts
• Spatial Awareness


  Knowing how much space the body occupies and utilizing the body in physical space
• Directional Awareness


  Understanding left and right, up and down, in and out, top and bottom, and front and back
• Temporal Awareness


  The construction of an internal time structure that identifies movement-time relationships
• Relationship Awareness


  Understanding with what the body makes movements, and with whom the body makes movements
• Movement Strategies


  • Various approaches that will help successfully achieve a movement's outcome or goal
• Movement Principles


  • Balance
  • Centering
  • Center of Gravity
  • Posture
  • Gesture
  • Rhythm
  • Breathing
• Balance


  The capacity to sustain the body's line of gravity within the support base with minimal postural sway
• Centering


  The body's core, where all body movements emanate and hold you as you move together