Causes and Impact of Malaria

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Low lying area

Breeding and survival conditions are more favourable
Temperature and humidity
Temperatures are between 15°C and 40°C with >60% humidity
Female anopheles mosquito 
Carries the malaria parasite and transmits malaria when she injects saliva before drawing blood
Naturally occurring areas of stagnant water 
Allow the mosquito to lay their larvae to breed
Humans provide a blood meal for mosquitoes 
Dense populations such as Dharavi, India allow the malaria parasite to be transferred quickly between people
Homes provide areas of shade 
Allow the mosquito to digest their blood, meaning the parasite can multiply in their body
Farming practices 
Can contribute by providing man-made areas of stagnant water (e.g. rice paddies) which have a large workforce, providing both an area to breed and a blood meal
Deforestation 
Reduces the number of habitats for natural predators for the mosquito, meaning the mosquito population will increase
Global air travel 
Means infected people can transport malaria endemic to non-endemic areas, where they could then be bitten by a mosquito, causing local transmission
Favourable conditions
Larvae develop quicker from egg to adult, meaning more survive