test bank

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Cards (97)

Freud's psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?

a. sex and aggression
b. sex and hunger
c. security and safety
d. security and sex
a. sex and aggression
Freud saw himself primarily as a:

a. psychologist
b. scientist
c. philosopher
d. writer of fiction
e. general practitioner
b. scientist
In the context of psychoanalytic theory, identify a true statement about Sigmund Freud.

a. He formulated hypotheses after knowing the facts of a case, utilizing the case study approach exclusively

b. He quantified his data and made observations under controlled conditions.

c. He made observations on a large sample of patients, most of whom were from the lower class.

d. He relied more on rigorous research methods than on deductive reasoning
a. He formulated hypotheses after knowing the facts of a case, utilizing the case study approach exclusively
Freud's lifelong optimism and self-confidence may have stemmed from

A. being his mother's favorite child.
B. his father's outstanding business success. C. the death of his younger brother. D. the presence of much older half-brothers.
A. being his mother's favorite child.
Since early in his adolescence, Freud had a strong desire to

A. live in the United States.
B. win fame by making a great discovery.
C. treat the poor and destitute of Vienna.
D. practice medicine.
B. win fame by making a great discovery.
Freud's free association technique evolved from

A. Charcot's hypnotic technique.
B. his use of cocaine.
C. Breuer's cathartic method. D. the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess.
C. Breuer's cathartic method.
Which of the following revisions did Freud make to his theory of personality after World War I?

A. He laid emphasis on the aggression instinct.
B. He identified the three levels of mental life.
C. He rejected repression as a defense mechanism to protect the ego.
D. He rejected the notion of a female Oedipus complex.
A. He laid emphasis on the aggression instinct.
Freud's three levels of mental life are

A. the unconscious, the preconscious, and the conscious.
B. the id, the ego, and the superego. C. aim, object, and impetus.
D. Thanatos, Eros, and the Oedipus complex
A. the unconscious, the preconscious, and the conscious.
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about unconscious ideas?

A. They influence behavior only when one is aware of them.
B. They have no influence on behavior.
C. They influence behavior even when one is unaware of them. D. They are learned only after birth. 
C. They influence behavior even when one is unaware of them.
Which of these progressions is most consistent with the psychoanalytic theory?

A. Anxiety leads to repression, which leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which in turn leads to a reaction formation.
B. Punishment of a child's sexual behavior leads to repression, which leads to anxiety, which in turn leads to suppression of sexual activity.
C. Punishment of a child's sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety, which in turn leads to repression.
D. Anxiety leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to repression, which in turn leads to punishment of sexual behaviors. 
C. Punishment of a child's sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety, which in turn leads to repression.
Freud's notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to:

A. anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to psychological differences.
B. the physical structure of the brain where the unconscious is located.
C. our ancestor's experiences that we inherit and that form a part of our unconscious.
D. the social rules we learn from our parents that form the superego.
C. our ancestor's experiences that we inherit and that form a part of our unconscious.
Freud held that ideas in the preconscious originate from

A. the conscious.
B. the unconscious. C. both the conscious and the unconscious.
D. None of the answers is correct.
C. both the conscious and the unconscious.
Freud believed that the id

A. serves the reality principle
B. serves the moral or idealistic principle.
C. constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce tension.
D. is the executive branch of personality
E. is reasonable and logical.
C. constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce tension.
According to Sigmund Freud, the id is primarily involved in

A. solving problems in geometry
B. contemplating the meaning of life.
C. thumb-sucking behavior.
D. convincing a friend to plant a garden
C. thumb-sucking behavior.
Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no thought of what is reasonable or proper are dominated by the

A. id.
B. ego.
C. superego.
D. ego-ideal.
A. id.
Freud held that the secondary process functions through the

A. id.
B. ego.
C. superego.
D. conscience.
E. ego-ideal.
B. ego.
According to Freud, the ego is

A. conscious only.
B. preconscious only.
C. unconscious only.
D. partly conscious, partly preconscious, and partly unconscious.
E. partly conscious and partly preconscious only.
D. partly conscious, partly preconscious, and partly unconscious.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the id?

A. It is changeable.
B. It is primitive.
C. It is organized. D. It is realistic.
B. It is primitive.
Which of the following statements is true about the ego?

A. It is the only region of the mind that houses basic drives or primary motivates.
B. It grows out of the superego during infancy.
C. It is the only region of the mind in contact with reality.
D. It is illogical, unrealistic, and can simultaneously entertain incompatible ideas
C. It is the only region of the mind in contact with reality.
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about the superego?

A. It is rational.
B. It strives for perfection.
C. It is the executive branch of personality.
D. It strives for pleasure.
E. All of the answers are correct.
B. It strives for perfection.
Which of the following statements is true about the manifest content of dreams?

A. It often stems from experiences of the previous day.
B. It has psychoanalytic significance and meaning.
C. It usually goes back to childhood experiences.
D. It is the unconscious description of a dream.
A. It often stems from experiences of the previous day.
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about parapraxes?

A. They revealed unconscious intent.
B. They had no psychological meaning.
C. They demonstrated a dominant preconscious intention.
D. They were a result of fatigue
A. They revealed unconscious intent.
The "royal road" to the unconscious was thought by Freud to be

A. the preconscious.
B. meditation.
C. parapraxes.
D. dreams.
E. Route 66.
D. dreams.
Dreams of patients suffering from traumatic neuroses, or posttraumatic stress disorder, follow the Freudian principle of

A. wish fulfillments.
B. repetition compulsion.
C. parapraxis.
D. aim inhibition.
E. phylogenetic endowment.
B. repetition compulsion
Which of the following occurs after a successful psychoanalytic treatment?

A. Neurotic symptoms are repressed in patients.
B. Psychic energy strengthens the superego in patients.
C. A patient's positive transference toward the analyst increases.
D. A patient's ego is expanded with previously repressed material.
E. A patient's ego is incorporated into the superego.
D. A patient's ego is expanded with previously repressed material.
Asking a patient to verbalize thoughts, no matter how absurd, irrelevant, or embarrassing, is the Freudian technique of

A. free association.
B. displacement.
C. condensation. D. dream analysis. E. transference.
A. free association.
Which of the following terms refers to the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment?

A. surgency
B. transference
C. proprium
D. congruence
B. transference
From a Freudian perspective, psychological maturity might be characterized by

A. minimal repression and maximal consciousness.
B. a maximum number of defense mechanisms.
C. a heavily repressed id and an overwhelming superego.
D. minimal libido directed toward others.
A. minimal repression and maximal consciousness.
Freud gave several reasons why he abandoned his seduction theory. Which of the following was not a reason?

A. He realized that his highly suggestive therapeutic tactics had elicited false memories of seduction.
B. The seduction theory had not helped him treat patients.
C. He realized that the unconscious memories of severely disturbed patients almost never revealed childhood sexual experiences.
D. He believed that the unconscious mind could not distinguish reality from fiction.
E. He realized that even his own father was probably guilty of sexually abusing some of his siblings.
A. He realized that his highly suggestive therapeutic tactics had elicited false memories of seduction.
In the context of the infantile period, which of the following occurs during the latency period?

A. Penis envy continues to linger in girls, and the vagina finally obtains the same status for them that the penis had during infancy.
B. Adolescents give up autoeroticism and direct their sexual energy toward another person instead of themselves.
C. Children form groups or cliques, an impossibility during the infantile period when the sexual drive was completely autoerotic.
D. Boys see the female organ as a sought-after object rather than a source of trauma.
C. Children form groups or cliques, an impossibility during the infantile period when the sexual drive was completely autoerotic.
After the female Oedipus complex is resolved, Freud claimed that it is replaced by

A. the sadistic-anal phase.
B. rationalizations. C. the superego. D. the wish to be a boy.
C. the superego.
Freud believed that a little girl's Oedipal wish for a baby is a substitute for the

A. father.
B. nipple.
C. feces.
D. mother.
E. phallus.
E. phallus.
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about castration complex in girls?

A. It shatters the Oedipus complex.
B. It takes the form of penis envy.
C. It precedes the Oedipus complex. D. It takes the form of penis envy and shatters the Oedipus complex.
D. It takes the form of penis envy and shatters the Oedipus complex.
According to Freud, a girl's wish to be a boy or to have a baby

A. indicates feminine identification.
B. results from a mature superego. C. is an expression of penis envy.
D. is called the complete Oedip
C. is an expression of penis envy.
According to Freud, normally, in post-Oedipal identification with his father, a boy

A. accepts homosexual feelings toward his father.
B. rejects the hated and feared father.
C. wants to be his father.
D. identifies with his father's morals and ideals.
D. identifies with his father's morals and ideals.
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true about castration anxiety?

A. It results in penis envy.
B. It dissolves the male Oedipus complex.
C. It dissolves the female Oedipus complex.
D. It triggers penis envy, which then dissolves the female Oedipus complex.
B. It dissolves the male Oedipus complex.
Freud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy

A. feels sexual love only toward his father.
B. feels sexual love only toward his mother.
C. may feel sexual love toward each parent.
D. is incapable of feeling sexual love toward either parent.
C. may feel sexual love toward each parent.
According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility toward his father and sexual love for his mother is experiencing

A. moral masochism.
B. the simple male Oedipus complex. C. the complete Oedipus complex. D. the castration complex.
E. penis envy
B. the simple male Oedipus complex.
Which of the following is a Freudian term for a person who is characterized by compulsive neatness, stubbornness, and miserliness?

A. hoarding character
B. exploitative character
C. anal character D. receptive character
C. anal character
Freud hypothesized that a permissive, accepting attitude of parents during toilet training is likely to lead to which behaviors as the child grows to adulthood?

A. generosity and benevolence
B. stubbornness, compulsiveness, and miserliness
C. masochism and/or sadism
D. sexual dysfunction and aggression
A. generosity and benevolence