Adler

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  • c. sometimes conscious.

    Although similar to Freud's defense mechanisms, Adler's concept of safeguarding tendencies differs
    in several respects. One difference is that safeguarding tendencies are
    a. completely conscious.
    b. completely unconscious.
    c. sometimes conscious.
    d. used by everyone.
  • D

    According to Adler, the goal toward which a psychologically healthy person strives is
    A largely conscious or known to that person..
    B the creation of one's conscious thought..
    C shaped mostly by the person's birth order. .
    D fictional, with no objective existence.
  • A

    The tendency toward completion, Adler believed,
    A was innate but needed to be developed.
    B was learned during preadolescence..
    C was a result of birth order. .
    D resulted from the masculine protest.
  • b. early recollections

    According to Adler, is the most reliable means of revealing style oflife.
    a. the word association test
    b. early recollections
    c. free association
    d. hypnosis
  • B

    Unlike Freud's psychoanalysis, Adler's individual psychology assumed that
    A most behavior is motivated by unconscious forces. .
    B people are mostly responsible for their personalities.
    C behavior is shaped by past experiences..
    D people are motivated largely by aggression.
  • A

    Adler hypothesized that early recollections
    A are shaped by one's present style of life.
    B cause or determine one's style of life. .
    C are complex daydreams..
    D are usually unpleasant and traumatic. .
  • C

    The most important factor for the child in Adler's family constellation is
    A gender of siblings..
    B number of siblings..
    C subjective perception of self and environment
    D rank order of siblings..
  • B

    Adler's notion of the masculine protest
    A is the precursor to the feminine protest..
    B is a reaction to feelings of inferiority.
    C applies only to women..
    D is genetically determined..
  • b. exaggerated superiority feelings
    Adlerian safeguarding tendencies protect against public disgrace and loss of self-esteem.
    a. the ego
    b. exaggerated superiority feelings
    c. creative power
    d. fictional finalism
  • A

    According to Adler, organ inferiorities are important as they stimulate
    A feelings of inferiority.
    B cause the development of inferior personalities..
    C are important because they bestow purpose on all behavior. .
    D cause the development of superior personalities.
  • B

    Adler's concept of standing still is similar to Freud's concept of
    A repression..
    B fixation.
    C sublimation. .
    D projection..
  • B

    The "sole criterion of human values", Adler said, is
    A creative power..
    B social interest.
    C subjectivity of perception..
    D style of life. .
  • C

    Adler first postulated the aggressive drive and the will to power as the fundamental motivations that shape human personality. He later extended his view to include the
    A search for meaning..
    B will to knowledge.
    C striving for success.
    D striving for self-actualization..
  • c. treating children in front of an audience.
    A unique aspect of early Adlerian therapy was treating children in front of an audience.
    a. self hypnosis.
    b. its use of patients' drawings and sketches.
    c. treating children in front of an audience.
    d. its emphasis on returning patients to the workforce.
  • c. leadto abnormal psychological development when they trigger strong feelings of inferiority.

    Adler held that exaggerated physical deficiencies
    a. cause abnormal psychological development.
    b. are the result of abnormal psychological development.
    c. leadto abnormal psychological development when they trigger strong feelings of inferiority.
    d. are unrelated to abnormal psychological development.
  • A

    Unlike Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler believed that

    A. people are motivated mostly by social influences and by their striving for superiority and success.
    B. people have little or no choice in shaping their personality.
    C. present behavior is caused by past experiences.
    D. psychologically healthy people are usually unaware of what they are doing and why they are doing it.
  • C

    Unlike Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis, Alfred Adler's individual psychology assumed that:
    A. behavior is shaped by past experiences.
    B. people are motivated largely by aggression.
    C. people are mostly responsible for their personalities.
    D. most behaviors are motivated by unconscious forces.
    E. the sexual instinct is the basis for most human behavior.
  • A

    What did Alfred Adler's earliest memories concern?
    A. comparisons with his older and healthier brother
    B. an active interest in helping others
    C. neglect by his mother
    D. his desire to become a famous psychologist
  • C

    The death of Alfred Adler's younger brother resulted in Alfred Adler
    A. withdrawing from other family members.
    B. developing severe childhood neurosis.
    C. deciding to become a doctor.
    D. turning to his older brother for protection.
  • C

    Alfred Adler's break with Sigmund Freud was due to the fact that
    A. Sigmund Freud believed that psychoanalysis should change to keep up with society.
    B. Alfred Adler was extremely deferent to Sigmund Freud.
    C. Alfred Adler could not accept Sigmund Freud's strong emphasis on sexual factors as motivators of behavior.
    D. Sigmund Freud lacked organizational skills, leaving Alfred Adler with the responsibility of directing the Wednesday Psychological Society.
  • E

    From Alfred Adler's biography, we know that he

    A. came from a Jewish background.
    B. had a younger brother who died in infancy.
    C. was second born.
    D. None of the answers is correct
    .E. All of the answers are correct.
  • E

    During the time that Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler were members of the Wednesday Psychological Society,
    A. Alfred Adler considered Sigmund Freud to be his mentor.
    B. Sigmund Freud prevented Alfred Adler from holding office in the organization.
    C. they shared a warm personal relationship.
    D. they conspired to prevent Carl Jung from joining the organization.
    E. None of the answers is correct.
  • C

    Which of the following was the effect of World War I on Alfred Adler?
    A. He enlisted in the army.
    B. He became a conscientious objector.
    C. He changed his theoretical views.
    D. He moved to a neutral country.
  • D

    Unlike other psychiatrists of his time, Alfred Adler treated
    A. large numbers of schizophrenics.
    B. children with intellectual disability.
    C. patients without medical insurance.
    D. large numbers of middle-and lower-class patients.
  • A

    Which of the following assumptions is not part of Alfred Adler's theory?
    A. All human motivations for behavior are unconscious in origin.
    B. The dynamic force behind a person's activity is the striving for superiority or success.
    C. All psychological phenomena are unified within an individual in a self-consistent manner.
    D The opinions of people shape their behavior and personality.
  • A

    One of Alfred Adler's strongest beliefs was in
    A. the equality of the sexes.
    B. his Jewish faith.
    C. his Protestant faith.
    D. the communist doctrine.
  • C

    According to Alfred Adler, _____ is the dynamic force motivating all human activity.
    A. organ dialect
    B. a feeling of superiority
    C. the striving for succes
    D. inferior physical endowment
  • C

    Alfred Adler believed that behavior and personality are shaped by
    A. early childhood experiences.
    B. organ inferiorities.
    C. subjective perceptions.
    D. sexual and aggressive impulses.
    E. birth order.
  • A

    According to Alfred Adler, the goal toward which a psychologically healthy person strives is
    A. fictional, with no objective existence
    B. the creation of one's conscious thought.
    C. largely conscious or known to that person.
    D. shaped mostly by the person's birth order.
    E. All of the answers are correct.
  • C

    Alfred Adler believed that there are two general routes by which people strive. One is the path of exaggerated personal superiority and the other is the road of
    A. power.
    B. masculine protest.
    C. social interest.
    D. individuation.
    E. aggression.
  • C

    Alfred Adler felt that every individual is striving to reach the same goal of
    A. self-fulfillment.
    B. a perfect society
    .C. superiority or success.
    D. reduction of anxiety.
  • A

    Alfred Adler believed that people strive for superiority
    A. in order to compensate for feelings of inferiority.
    B. in order to survive in a competitive society.
    C. as a means of attaining sexual satisfaction.
    D. in an attempt to imitate parents and other authority figures.
  • B

    In the context of the striving force as compensation, Alfred Adler believed that the tendency toward completion or wholeness
    A. was a result of birth order.
    B. was innate but needed to be developed.
    C. was learned during preadolescence.
    D. resulted from the masculine protest.
  • B

    Alfred Adler said that all humans are "blessed" at birth with
    A. a well-developed sense of social interest.
    B. small, weak, incomplete, and inferior bodies.
    C. superior intellects.
    D. the need to become superior to other people.
  • A

    Concerning feelings of inferiority, Alfred Adler held that
    A. all individuals possess them.
    B. only neurotics develop them.
    C. they always lead to the development of social interest.
    D. they only develop when organ inferiorities are present.
  • C

    Alfred Adler referred to ideas that have no real existence yet influence people as if they really existed as
    A. delusions.
    B. hallucinations.
    C. fictions.
    D. hypothetical constructs.
    E. objective certainty.
  • D

    Alfred Adler borrowed his ideas on fictionalism from
    A. Sigmund Freud.
    B. Karl Marx.
    C. John Calvin.
    D. Hans Vaihinger.
  • D

    In the context of Adlerian theory of individual psychology, which of the following statements is true about social interest?
    A. It develops early in the mother-child relationship.
    B. It is characteristic of all people to some degree
    .C. It is the English translation of Gemeinschaftsgefühl.
    D. All of the answers are correct.E. None of the answers is correct.
  • C

    According to Alfred Adler, which of the following statements is true about organ inferiorities?
    A. They cause the development of inferior personalities.
    B. They cause the development of superior personalities.
    C. They are important as they stimulate feelings of inferiority.
    D. They are important because they bestow purpose on all behavior.
  • D

    Which of the following statements is true from an Adlerian perspective?
    A. All behaviors are inconsistent.
    B. Psychological conflict leads to inconsistent behavior.
    C. Inconsistent behavior serves multiple purposes.
    D. Inconsistent behavior serves a single purpose.