Science Quarter 3 G7

• Pistil


  The female reproductive part, usually flask-shaped organ that consists of stigma, style, and a swollen base bearing the ovary
• Gynoecium


  Group of pistils
• Stigma


  The top part of the pistil that has a sticky surface to trap pollen
• Style


  Joins the stigma and the ovary
• Ovary


  Contains the female sex cells/gametes called ovules
• Sepal


  The outermost part of a flower, usually green and not involved in the reproductive process
• Calyx


  Group of sepals, the several green leaf-like structures that cover and protect the rest of the flower in the bud stage and support the other parts when the bud opens
• Petal


  The most attractive part of a flower, insects are attracted to it because of its colorful appearance
• Corolla


  Group of petals, the entire flower leaf
• Perianth


  The floral structure comprising both the calyx and the corolla
• Receptacle


  The end of the flower bearing the reproductive structures, where the other floral parts originate
• Peduncle/Pedicel


  A specialized branch or stalk that supports a single flower and connects the flowers to its stem
• Conjugation


  A process of sexual reproduction in some microorganisms, where a bridge forms between two cells or filaments and the contents of one cell pass into and fuse with the contents of the other
• Spirogyra


  • A green alga that can be found in fresh water habitats such as ponds and rivers
• Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, it can be sexual and asexual
• Sexual reproduction in plants involves the union of sex cells from parent plants
• Stamen


  The male reproductive part bearing an anther at its tip
• Androecium


  Group of stamens
• Anther


  The part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen, usually borne on a stalk
• Filament


  The stalk of the stamen, holds up/supports the anther
• Pollen grains


  Found inside the anther, function is to produce sperm cells (gametes/sex cells)
• Asexual reproduction requires only one parent to produce an offspring that is genetically identical to the parent
• Types of asexual reproduction in plants

  • Natural vegetative propagation
  • Artificial vegetative propagation
• Runners/Stolons


  Stem that grows horizontally above the ground, produces roots and shoots at the nodes
• Tubers


  Swollen portions of an underground stem that store food so a plant can lie dormant, have buds called 'eyes'
• Specialized leaves


  Leaves of some plants will grow into a new plant if they become detached from the parent plant, or grow small plants called plantlets on the edge
• Bulbs


  Modified stem surrounded by fleshy leaves that store food for the plant shoot, can split into several tiny bulbs to produce new plants
• Rhizome/Rootstock


  Horizontal underground stems that often have roots and shoots on their nodes
• Cutting


  A method of artificial vegetative reproduction where a piece of stem, leaf or root of the plant is cut and planted in soil to produce new roots or stems
• Grafting


  Inserting a part of one plant into another plant so that they may join together, one plant is selected for its roots and another for its stem (scion)
• Marcotting/Air Layering


  Rooting of a part of the stem while it is attached to the parent plant, roots are induced to form on the aerial part
• Layering


  Bending plant branches or stem so that they touch the ground, the portion in contact with the ground is covered with soil to develop adventitious roots
• Budding


  Small buds appear on the body of the parent and develop into new individuals, true for yeast and hydra
• Fragmentation


  The parent body breaks up into several pieces or fragments, an example is planaria
• Binary fission


  The simplest type of asexual reproduction, one-celled organism divides by mitosis to form two daughter cells of equal size, examples are paramecium and amoeba
• Spore formation


  A type of asexual reproduction common to fungi where fruit-like structures called spores develop into a new organism, examples are bread mold, mosses, mushrooms, and ferns
• Plants use sunlight to make their own food during photosynthesis.
• Energy from the sun reaches Earth as solar radiation, which can be absorbed by plants or animals to produce food through photosynthesis.
• The sun is the source of energy that drives all life on earth.
• Glucose is used by plants to build carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen, which serve as sources of energy for respiration.