Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences near the promoter region, either activating or repressing transcription initiation.
Eukaryotic genes have multiple regulatory elements within their non-coding regions, including enhancers (positive regulators) and silencers/repressors (negative regulators).
The promoter region is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
The regulation of gene expression is complex and involves multiple layers of control at different stages of the process.
Different cell types have distinct patterns of gene expression due to differences in their epigenomes.
Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation can also affect gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence.
Enhancer elements can be located far away from the promoter but still influence transcription factor binding and RNA polymerase activity.
The regulation of eukaryotic gene expression is more complex than prokaryotes due to the presence of introns and alternative splicing events.
Enhancer elements can be located far away from the promoter but still influence transcriptional activity.